Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop and test a model in which several aspects of the service encounter including service staff, servicescape, customer similarity, and customer interaction are taken into account simultaneously as antecedents of relationship quality and generation of brand equity. Testing the hypotheses involved two service settings, banks and department stores. The findings demonstrate that serviced staff and customer interaction have significant direct effects on brand equity. Surprisingly, four variables of service encounter have significant indirect effects through relationship quality on brand equity. Based on these findings, the implications for managers and future research are identified.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aaker DA (1996) Measuring brand equity across product and markets. Calif Manag Rev 38(3):102–120
Adams JW (2006) Striking it niche—extending the newspaper brand by capitalizing in new media niche markets: suggested model for achieving consumer brand loyalty. J Website Promot 2(1&2):163–184
Adelman MB, Anuvia A, Goodwin C (1994) Beyond smiling: social support and service quality. In: Rust RT, Oliver RL (eds) Service quality: new directions in theory and practice. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA
Agarwal MK, Rao VR (1996) An empirical comparison of consumer-based measures of brand equity. Mark Lett 7(3):237–247
Anantachart S (2004) Integrated marketing communications and market planning: Their implications to brand equity building. J Promot Manag 11(1):101–125
Anderson K, Zemke R (1991) Customer from hell. Training 26:25–31
Arbuckle J (2003) Amos™ 5.0 update to the Amos user’s guide. Smallwaters Corporation, Chicago
Armstrong JS, Overton ST (1977) Estimating non-response bias in mail surveys. J Mark Res 14:396–402
Aron A, Fraley B (1999) Relationship closeness as including other in the self: cognitive underpinnings and measures. Soc Cogn 17:140–160
Aron A, Fraley B, McLaughlin-Volpe T (2001) Including others in the self: extensions to own and partner’s group memberships. In: Sedikides C, Brewer MB (eds) Individual self, relational self, collective self. Psychology Press, Philadelphia, pp 89–108
Berry L (2000) Cultivating service brand equity. J Acad Mark Sci 28(1):128–137
Bhattacharya CB, Sen S (2003) Consumer-company identification: a framework for understanding consumers’ relationships with companies. J Mark 67(April):76–88
Bitner MJ (1990) Evaluating service encounters: the effects of physical surroundings and employee responses. J Mark Res 54:69–82
Bitner MJ (1992) Servicescapes: the impact of physical surroundings on customers and employees. J Mark 56:57–71
Bloemer J, Odekerken-Schroder G (2002) Store satisfaction and store loyalty explained by customer- and store-related factors. J Consum Satisf Dissatisf Complain Behav 15:68–80
Bowen DE (1990) An interdisciplinary study of service: some progress, some prospects. J Bus Res 20:71–79
Byrne D, Clore G, Worchel P (1966) The effect of economic similarity dissimilarity as determinants of attraction. J Pers Soc Psychol 4:220–224
Cardozo RN (1965) An experimental study of customer effort, expectation, and satisfaction. J Mark Res 2:244–249
Crosby LA, Evans KR, Cowles D (1990) Relationship quality in services selling: an interpersonal influence perspective. J Mark 54(3):68–81
De Chernatony L, Dall’Olmo Riley F (1998) Defining a “brand”: beyond the literature with experts’ interpretations. J Mark Manag 14:417–443
Doney PM, Canon JP (1997) An examination of the nature of trust in buyer-seller relationships. J Mark 61:35–51
Dube L, Morin S (2001) Background music pleasure and store evaluation intensity effects and psychological mechanisms. J Bus Res 54:107–113
Fornell C, Larcker D (1981) Evaluating structural equation model with unobservable variables and measurement error. J Mark Res 18:39–50
Fox E, Montogmery A, Ledish L (2004) Consumer shopping and spending across retail formats. J Bus 77:525–561
Grace D, O`Cass A (2005) An examination of the antecedents of repatronage intentions across different retail store formats. J Retail Consum Serv 12:227–243
Grewal D, Baker J, Levy M, Voss G (2006) The effects of wait expectations and store atmosphere evaluations on patronage intentions in service-intensive retail store. J Retail 79(4):259–268
Grönroos C (2000) Service management and marketing. Wiley, West Sussex
Gummesson E, Glynn WJ, Barness JG (1995) Relationship marketing: its role in the service economy, understanding service management. Oak Tree Press, Dublin
Harris RB (1993) Trust in relationship marketing: a foundation for building business. Manag Mag 68(6):14–17
Heider F (1958) The psychology of interpersonal relations. Wiley, New York
Hoffman KD, Bateson JEG (1997) Essentials of services marketing. The Dryden Press, Orlando
Hoffman KD, Bateson JEG, Turley LW (2002) Atmospherics, service encounters and consumer decision making: an integrative perspective. J Mark Theory Pract 10(3):33–47
Keating B, Rugimbana R, Quazi A (2003) Differentiating between service quality and relationship quality in cyberspace. Manag Serv Qual 13(3):217–232
Keaveney SM (1995) Customer switching behavior in service industries: an exploratory study. J Mark 59:71–82
Keller LK (1993) Conceptualizing, measuring and managing customer-based brand equity. J Mark 57(1):1–22
Kim Y (2001) The impact of brand equity and the company’s reputation on revenues: testing an IMC evaluation model. J Promot Manag 6(1/2):89–111
Kim WG, Cha Y (2002) Antecedents and consequences of relationship quality in hotel industry. Hosp Manag 21:321–338
Kim H, Kim WG (2005) The relationship between brand equity and firms’ performance in luxury hotels and chain restaurants. Tour Manag 26:549–560
Kline RB (1998) Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press, New York
Lin CH, Kao DL (2004) The Impacts of country-of-origin on brand equity. J Am Acad Bus 5(1/2):37–40
Lovelock C, Wirtz H (2004) Services marketing—peoples, technology, strategy, 5th edn. Prentice Hall, NJ, pp 285–286
Mangleburg T, Doney P, Bristol T (2004) Shopping with friends and teen’ susceptibility to peer influence. J Retail 80(2):101–123
Martin CL, Pranter AP (1989) Compatibility management customer-to-customer relationships in service environments. J Serv Mark 3:6–15
Martin MI, Stewart DW (2001) The differential impact of goal congruency on attitudes, intentions, and the transfer of brand equity. J Mark Res 38:471–484
Mattila AS, Wirtz J (2001) Congruency of scent and music as a driver of in-store evaluations and behavior. J Retail 77:237–289
Medvene LJ, Teal CR, Slavich S (2000) Including the other in self: implications for judgments of equity and satisfaction in close relationships. J Soc Clin Psychol 19:396–419
Morgan RM, Hunt SD (1994) The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. J Mark 58:20–38
Moore SE, Wilkie WL, Lutz RJ (2003) Passing the torch: intergenerational influences as a source of brand equity. J Mark 66:17–37
Mottram S (1998) Branding the corporation. In: Hart S, Murphy J (eds) Brands: the new wealth creators. New York University Press, USA
Nass C, Lee KM (2000) Does computer-generated speech manifest personality? An experimental test of similarity-attraction. Proceedings of ACM CHI 2000, pp 330–335
Netemeyer RG, Krishnan B, Pullig C, Wang G, Yagci M, Dean D, Ricks J, Wirth F (2004) Developing and validating measures of facets of customer-based brand equity. J Bus Res 57(2):209–224
Oliver RL, DeSarbo WS (1988) Response determinants in satisfaction judgments. J Consum Res 14:495–507
Olsen LL, Johnson MD (2003) Service equity, satisfaction, and loyalty: form transaction-specific to cumulative evaluations. J Serv Res 5(3):184–195
Ostrom AL, Iacobucci D (1998) The effects of guarantees on consumers’ evaluation of service. J Serv Mark 12(6):362–378
Prasad K, Dev CS (2000) Managing hotel brand equity—a customer-centric framework for assessing performance. Cornell Hotel Restaur Adm Q 41(3):22–31
Prus A, Brandt DR (1995) Understanding your customers. Mark Tools 2(5):10–14
Quatman T, Swanson C (2002) Academic self-disclosure in adolescence. Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr 128(1):1–29
Ranaweera C, Prabhu J (2003) The influence of satisfaction, trust and switching barriers on customer retention in a continuous purchasing setting. Int J Serv Ind Manag 14(3/4):374–395
Richard FY, Eric SR (2000) The effects of music in a retail setting on real and perceived shopping times. J Bus Res 49:139–148
Saxe R, Weitz BA (1982) The SOCO scale: a measure of the customer orientation of salespeople. J Mark Res 19:343–351
Schultz DE, Barnes BB (1999) Strategic brand communication campaigns. NTC Business Books, Chicago
Sherman E, Mathur A, Smith RB (1997) Store environment and consumer purchase behavior: mediating role of consumer emotions. Psychol Mark 14(4):361–378
Sirdeshmukh D, Singh J, Sabol B (2002) Consumer trust, value, and loyalty in relational exchanges. J Mark 66:15–37
Sirgy MJ, Grewal D, Mangleburg T (2000) Retail environment, self-congruity, and retail patronage: an integrative model and a research agenda. J Bus Res 49(2):127–138
Smith JB (1998) Buyer-seller relationships: similarity, relationship management, and quality. Psychol Mark 15(1):3–21
Söderlund M, Rosengren S (2004) Dismantling ‘positive affect’ and its effects on customer satisfaction: an empirical examination of customer joy in a service encounter. J Consum Satisf Dissatisf Complain Behav 17:27–41
Solomon MR, Surprenant C, Czepiel JA, Gutman EG (1985) A role theory perspective on dyadic interactions: the service encounter. J Mark 49(1):99–111
Stryker S (1968) Identity salience and role performance: the importance of symbolic interaction theory for family research. J Marriage Fam 30:558–564
Swait J, Erdem T, Louviere J, Dubelaar C (1993) The equalization price—a measure of consumer-perceived brand equity. Int J Res Mark 10(1):23–45
Swan JE, Trawick FI, Suva DW (1985) How industrial salespeople gain customer trust. Ind Market Manag 14(3):203–211
Turner RH (1978) The role and person. Am J Sociol 84:1–23
Williams KC, Spiro RL (1985) Communication style in the salesperson customer dyad. J Mark Res 12:434–442
Wong A, Sohal A (2002) An examination of the relationship between trust, commitment and relationship quality. Int J Retail Distrib Manag 30(1):34–50
Yoo B, Donthu N, Lee S (2000) An examination of selected marketing mix elements and brand equity. J Acad Mark Sci 28(2):195–211
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that have helped in finalizing the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Appendix
Appendix
Samples and factor loading of measurement
Constructs | Samples | Items | Factor loading |
---|---|---|---|
Service staff | |||
Technical skill | The X personnel are knowledgeable enough to deal with all my questions | 3 | 0.81 |
Closeness | The X personnel are polite and friendly | 3 | 0.82 |
Disclosure | The X personnel attempt to establish a relationship with me | 3 | 0.71 |
Servicescape | |||
Physical equipment | X’s physical equipment is one of the best in its industry | 4 | 0.81 |
Atmosphere | I can rely on there being a good atmosphere | 6 | 0.76 |
Customer similarity | My dressing style is similar to other customers | 3 | 0.87 |
Customer interaction | My interaction with other customers is easy | 3 | 0.74 |
Relationship quality | |||
Trust | I can count on the X to be sincere | 6 | 0.71 |
Satisfaction | Overall, I am satisfied with shopping at X | 5 | 0.85 |
Brand equity | |||
Brand loyalty | I am very loyal to X’s name | 3 | 0.86 |
Brand association | I am committed to my sales associate at X’s name | 3 | 0.86 |
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, CH., Hsu, LC. & Fang, SR. Constructing a relationship-based brand equity model. Serv Bus 3, 275–292 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-008-0062-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-008-0062-2