Summary
The relationship between in vitro bulbification and peroxidase activities of garlic (Allium sativum L.) was studied. Two stages could be distinguished during in vitro bulb formation characterized by the peroxidase activity, isoenzymatic patterns especially of the soluble fractions, dry weight, and bulbification index (BI). The first stage, called the morphogenic stage, started after planting until 30d of culture with a maximum soluble peroxidase activity, BI=1–0.5 and low dry weight. At that time axillary buds preformed at the base of the leaves grew and the in vitro bulb was generated. The second stage (filling in and bulb maturation) started when the BI reached 0.5 at 30 d of the ontogenic cycle, as a result of the bulb assimilate accumulation phenomenon. During the morphogenic stage the soluble peroxidase activity was maximum and the zymograms showed higher intensity bands. The second stage presented anodic ionic peroxidases and substantial increase in staining of the anodic covalent peroxidase fraction. The putative role of the different isoforms of peroxidases in relation to the bulbification process is discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Berthon, J. Y.; Maldiney, R.; Sotta, B.; Gaspar, T.; Boyer, N. Endogeneous level of plant hormones during the course of adventitious rooting in cuttings of Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) in vitro. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen 184:405–412; 1989.
Booij, I.; Monfort, S.; Macheix, J. J. Relationships between peroxidases and budding in date palm tissues cultured in vitro. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 35:165–171; 1993.
Bradford, M. M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72:248–254; 1976.
Catesson, A. M.; Imberty, A.; Goldberg, R.; Czaninski, Y. Nature, localization and specificity of peroxidases involved in lignification processes. In: Greppin, H.; Penel, C.; Gaspar, Th., eds. Molecular and physiological aspects of plant peroxidases. Geneva: University of Geneva; 1986:395–404.
Conci, L.; Moriconi, D. N.; Nome, S. F. Cultivo de meristemas apicales de seis tipos clonales de ajo (Allium sativum L.). Phyton 46:187–194; 1986.
Davis, B. J. Disk electrophoresis. II. Methods and applications to human serum proteins. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 121:404–427; 1964.
Forchetti, S. M. de; Tigier, H. A. Indole-3-acetic acid oxidase and syringaldasine oxidase activities of peroxidase isozymes in soybean root nodules. Physiol. Plant. 79:327–330; 1990.
Gaspar, T.; Penel, C.; Tran Thanh Van, M.; Greppin, H. Des isoperoxydases comme marqueurs de la differenciation cellulaire chez les végétaux. Xème Recontre de Meribel; 1979:175–196.
Gaspar, Th.; Penel, C.; Thorpe, T.; Greppin, H. Peroxidases 1970–1980: physiological processes mediated by peroxidases. Geneva: University of Geneva; 1982:89–121.
Goldberg, R.; Catesson, A. M.; Czaninski, Y. Some properties of syringaldazine oxidase: a peroxidase specifically involved in the lignification processes. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 110:267–279; 1983.
Grambow, H. J.; Langenbeck-Schwich, B. The relationship between oxidase activity, peroxidase activity, hydrogen peroxide and phenolic compounds in the degradation of indole-3-acetic acid in vitro. Planta 157:131–137; 1983.
Harkin, J. M.; Obst, J. R. Syringaldazine an effective reagent for detecting laccase and peroxidase in fungi. Experientia 29:381–387; 1973.
Kahane, R.; Teyssendier de la Serve, B.; Rancillac, M. Bulbing in long-day onion (Allium cepa L.) cultured in vitro: comparison between sugar feeding and light induction. Ann. Bot. 69:551–555; 1992.
Kevers, C.; Coumans, M.; De Greef, W.; Jacobs, M.; Gaspar, Th. Organogenesis in habituated sugar beet callus: anxins content and protectors, peroxidase pattern and inhibitors. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 101:79–87; 1981.
Mann, L. K. Anatomy of the garlic bulb and factors affecting bulb development. Hildegardia 21:195–251; 1952.
Murashige, T.; Skoog, F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15:473–497; 1962.
Nuñez, S. B.; Ledesma, A.; Milanesi, E.; Dubois, M. E.; Cerana, M. M.; Argüello, J. A. Bulbing physiology in garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv ‘Rosado paraguayo’ I. Morphophysiological characterization of the inductive and morphological stages of bulbing. In: Burba, J. L., Galmarini, C. R., eds. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Edible Alliaceae. Mendoza, Argentina: Cuyo University Press; 1994:95–404.
Pang, A.; Catesson, A. M.; Francesch, C.; Rolando, C.; Goldberg, R. On substrate specificity of peroxidases involved in lignification process. J. Plant Physiol. 135:325–329; 1989.
Racca, R. W.; Lozano, A.; Conci, V.; Bongiorno, O. Microbulbificación in vitro en ajos de sanidad controlada. XII Congreso Argentino de Horticultura, Santa Fe, Argentina; 1989.
Reisfeld, R. A.; Lewis, U. J.; Williams, D. E. Dise electrophoresis of basic proteins and peptides on polyacrylamide gel. Nature 195:281–283; 1962.
Shah, J. J.; Kothari, L. L. Histogenesis of garlic clove. Phytomorphology 23:162–170; 1973.
Thorpe, T. A.; Gaspar, T. Changes in isoperoxidases during shoot formation in tobacco callus. In Vitro 14:522–526; 1978.
Tigier, H. A.; Forchetti, S. M. de; Medina, M. I. Isoperoxidases with IAA oxidase and syringaldazine oxidase activities. Isolation and kinetic properties in different leguminous tissues at different growth stages. In: Lobarzewski, J., Greppin, H., Penel, C., Gaspar, Th., eds. Biochemical molecular and physiological aspects of plant peroxidases. Geneva: University of Geneva; 1991:343–352.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Goleniowski, M., Del Longo, O., de Forchetti, S.M. et al. Relationships between peroxidases and in vitro bulbification in garlic (Allium sativum L.). In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 37, 683–686 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-001-0119-6
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-001-0119-6