Abstract
Education in modern societies has become a lifelong process. That is why the principles of life-course research, as stated by Glen H. Elder, are of utmost significance in empirical education research: (1) focusing on long-term educational processes over the individual lifespan; (2) considering individual educational pathways within their institutional and social embeddedness (e.g., within not only formal educational institutions but also nonformal/informal contexts such as the family, peer groups, and other social networks); (3) analyzing decision-making processes in education connected with the idea of agency as well as of planning, creative, and self-determining actors; (4) investigating the time structure and timing of educational events and transitions and the consequences they have for the subsequent educational pathways and educational chances; (5) conceptionally differentiating age, cohort, and period effects. This chapter discusses the importance of these five principles for the conception, the design, and the possibilities for analysis of the German National Educational Panel Study. In the context of these principles, we formulate methodological advantages of longitudinal data on educational processes that can be attained within the National Educational Panel Study. In particular, panel data improve the opportunities to describe trajectories of growth and development over the life course and to study the patterns of causal relationships over longer time spans.
Zusammenfassung
Bildung ist in modernen Gesellschaften zu einem lebenslangen Prozess geworden. In der empirischen Bildungsforschung sind daher die fünf Prinzipien der Lebensverlaufsforschung, wie sie von Glen H. Elder formuliert wurden, von größter Bedeutung: (1) Die Fokussierung auf langfristige Bildungsprozesse über die individuelle Lebensspanne hinweg, (2) die Betrachtung individueller Bildungsverläufe in ihrer institutionellen und sozialen Einbettung (nicht nur in formalen Bildungsinstitutionen, sondern auch in nonformalen/informellen Kontexten wie der Familie, Peergruppen und anderen sozialen Netzwerken), (3) die Untersuchung von bildungsrelevanten Entscheidungsprozessen und damit verbunden die Idee von aktiv Handelnden und planenden, kreativen und selbstbestimmten Akteuren, (4) die Analyse der Zeitstruktur und des Timings von Bildungsereignissen und -übergängen und ihrer Auswirkungen auf die späteren Bildungsverläufe und Bildungschancen sowie (5) die konzeptionelle Unterscheidung von Alters-, Kohorten- und Periodeneffekten. Das vorliegende Kapitel diskutiert die Bedeutung dieser fünf Prinzipien für die Konzeption, das Design und die Analysepotentiale des Nationalen Bildungspanels. Im Kontext dieser Prinzipien werden die methodologischen Vorteile von Längsschnittdaten im Bereich der Bildungsforschung formuliert, wie sie im Nationalen Bildungspanel gewonnen werden können. Mit Hilfe von Paneldaten lassen sich Wachstum und Entwicklung im Lebenslauf beschreiben und kausale Beziehungsstrukturen über längere Zeitspannen hinweg untersuchen.
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Blossfeld, HP., von Maurice, J. 2 Education as a lifelong process. Z Erziehungswiss 14 (Suppl 2), 19–34 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-011-0179-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-011-0179-2