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An 87-year-old woman presented with a traumatic fracture of her right femoral neck. After admission she became tachypneic, tachycardic, and had increased oxygen requirements. Computed tomography showed no pulmonary embolism, but revealed a 17 × 10-cm type-IV paraesophageal hernia (Figs. 1 and 2). The hernia included the entirety of her stomach, majority of the pancreas, portions of the duodenum, the splenic flexure of the colon, and associated vasculature. Fewer than 5% of paraesophageal hernias involve viscera beyond the stomach,1 and pancreatic involvement is especially rare.2,3 Her acute dyspnea was attributed to immobility, atelectasis, and the massive hernia. She ultimately had a right hip hemiarthroplasty with successful postoperative extubation. She was weaned off oxygen and was asymptomatic at discharge.
Elective surgery of asymptomatic paraesophageal hernias was historically thought to be required to prevent the development of life-threatening complications.4 However, the mortality rate from elective laparoscopic repair is approximately 1.4%, while the lifetime risk of death from watchful waiting is estimated to be approximately 1%.4 The lifetime risk of developing acute symptoms requiring emergency surgery also decreases exponentially after 65 years of age.4 Thus, watchful waiting appears to be a reasonable strategy for some minimally symptomatic or asymptomatic paraesophageal hernias.
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Lamberg, J.J., Farbaniec, M. & Kuperman, E.F. Massive Paraesophageal Hernia Mimicking Pulmonary Embolus. J GEN INTERN MED 28, 1241 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-013-2353-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-013-2353-0