Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Borrmann Type IV: An Independent Prognostic Factor for Survival in Gastric Cancer

  • original article
  • Published:
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery Aims and scope

Abstract

Background

Borrmann type IV gastric cancer has a poorer prognosis than other gastric carcinomas. This study compared the clinicopathological features of Borrmann type IV gastric cancer with those of other types of cancer and examined the significance of a Borrmann type IV carcinoma as a prognostic factor after gastrectomy.

Methods

The clinicopathological features, tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) stage, and survival rates of 4,191 advanced gastric cancer patients, who had undergone a gastrectomy at the Samsung Medical Center between 1995 and 2005, were reviewed.

Results

Borrmann type IV gastric cancer was found to be associated with more advanced and unfavorable clinicopathological features at diagnosis than the other cancers. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with Borrmann type IV cancer was 27.6%. In contrast, the 5-year survival rate of patients with the other types of cancer was 61.2%. The 5-year survival rate for each stage of Borrmann type IV gastric cancer and the other type gastric cancer was 61.0% and 88.8% for stage Ib (P < 0.001), 49.8% and 76.1% for stage II (P < 0.001), 36.4% and 55.1% for stage IIIa (P < 0.001), 15.2% and 38.5% for stage IIIb (P = 0.001), and 10.2% and 20.1% for stage IV (P = 0.008), respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed a Borrmann type IV carcinoma, the surgical extent, curability, tumor stage, including T, N, and M status, and adjuvant therapy to be independent prognostic factors for survival.

Conclusion

A Borrmann type IV carcinoma has unique clinicopathological features compared with other types of gastric carcinomas and is an important independent prognostic factor.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kwon SJ, Lee GJ. Clinicopathologic characteristics of Borrmann type IV gastric cancer. J Korean Surg Soc 2003;64(2):127–133.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Kim DY, Kim HR, Kim YJ, Kim S. Clinicopathological features of patients with Borrmann type IV gastric carcinoma. ANZ J Surg 2002;72(10):739–742.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Otsuji E, Kuriu Y, Okamoto K, Ochiai T, Ichikawa D, Hagiwara A, Yamagishi H. Outcome of surgical treatment for patients with scirrhous carcinoma of the stomach. Am J Surg 2004;188(3):327–332.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Yook JH, Oh ST, Kim BS. Cliniopathological analysis of Borrmanntype IV gastric cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2005;37:87–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Kodera Y, Yamamura Y, Ito S, Kanemitsu Y, Shimizu Y, Hirai T, Yasui K, Kato T. Is Borrmann type IV gastric carcinoma a surgical disease? An old problem revisited with reference to the result of peritoneal washing cytology. J Surg Oncol 2001;78(3):175–181. (discussion 181–172).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hamy A, Letessier E, Bizouarn P, Paineau J, Aillet G, Mirallie E, Visset J. Study of survival and prognostic factors in patients undergoing resection for gastric linitis plastica: a review of 86 cases. Int Surg 1999;84(4):337–343.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Koyama T, Yashiro M, Inoue T, Nishimura S, Hirakawa YSCK. TGF-beta1 secreted by gastric fibroblasts up-regulates CD44H expression and stimulates the peritoneal metastatic ability of scirrhous gastric cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2000;16(2):355–362.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Mahara K, Kato J, Terui T, Takimoto R, Horimoto M, Murakami T, Mogi Y, Watanabe N, Kohgo Y, Niitsu Y. Transforming growth factor beta 1 secreted from scirrhous gastric cancer cells is associated with excess collagen deposition in the tissue. Br J Cancer 1994;69(4):777–783.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhou YN, Xu CP, Han B, Li M, Qiao L, Fang DC, Yang JM. Expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin in gastric carcinoma and its correlation with the clinicopathological features and patient survival. World J Gastroenterol 2002;8(6):987–993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Shino Y, Watanabe A, Yamada Y, Tanase M, Yamada T, Matsuda M, Yamashita J, Tatsumi M, Miwa T, Nakano H. Clinicopathologic evaluation of immunohistochemical E-cadherin expression in human gastric carcinomas. Cancer 1995;76(11):2193–2201.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Yanagihara K, Takigahira M, Tanaka H, Komatsu T, Fukumoto H, Koizumi F, Nishio K, Ochiya T, Ino Y, Hirohashi S. Development and biological analysis of peritoneal metastasis mouse models for human scirrhous stomach cancer. Cancer Sci 2005;96(6):323–332.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Tanigawa N, Amaya H, Matsumura M, Lu C, Iki M. Association between tumor angiogenesis and Borrmann type 4 carcinomas of the stomach. Oncology 1998;55(5):461–467.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Otsuji E, Yamaguchi T, Sawai K, Sakakura C, Okamoto K, Takahashi T. Regional lymph node metastasis as a predictor of peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with Borrmann type IV gastric carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94(2):434–437.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ryu JH, Yook JH, Kim BS, Oh ST, Jung ST, Choi WY. Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors of long-term survivors of Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer. Korean J Gastroenterol 2003;41:9–14.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Tanaka H, Yashiro M, Sunami T, Sakate Y, Kosaka K, Hirakawa K. ICAM-2 gene therapy for peritoneal dissemination of scirrhous gastric carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2004;10(14):4885–4892.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sasaki T, Koizumi W, Tanabe S, Higuchi K, Nakayama N, Saigenji K. TS-1 as first-line therapy for gastric linitis plastica: historical control study. Anticancer Drugs 2006;17(5):581–586.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Nakamura K, Yashiro M, Matsuoka T, Tendo M, Shimizu T, Miwa A, Hirakawa K. A novel molecular targeting compound as K-samII/FGF-R2 phosphorylation inhibitor, Ki23057, for Scirrhous gastric cancer. Gastroenterology 2006;131(5):1530–1541.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Akamo Y, Takeyama H, Funahashi H, Yamamori Y, Yamamoto M, Teranishi F, Manabe T. Efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for advanced Borrmann type IV gastric carcinoma. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2002;29(12):2184–2187.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Kunisaki C, Shimada H, Nomura M, Matsuda G, Otsuka Y, Ono H, Akiyama H. Therapeutic strategy for scirrhous type gastric cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 2005;52(61):314–318.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Ikeguchi M, Yamamoto O, Kaibara N. Management protocol for scirrhous gastric cancer. In Vivo 2004;18(5):577–580.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea, 135-710

    Ji Yeong An, Tae Ho Kang, Min Gew Choi, Jae Hyung Noh, Tae Sung Sohn & Sung Kim

Authors
  1. Ji Yeong An
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tae Ho Kang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Min Gew Choi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jae Hyung Noh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Tae Sung Sohn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sung Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sung Kim.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

An, J.Y., Kang, T.H., Choi, M.G. et al. Borrmann Type IV: An Independent Prognostic Factor for Survival in Gastric Cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 12, 1364–1369 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-008-0516-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-008-0516-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation