Abstract
To investigate the effect of different environmental conditions of GFRP bars in concrete beams with work cracks subjected to sustained loads, the beams were exposed in indoor, freeze/thaw cycles and immersed in alkaline solution at elevated temperature. The bars were carefully extracted from the beams and tested in order to evaluate residual tensile properties. The results show that the tensile strength decreased significantly in the highly aggressive conditions but not in the natural conditions. The effect of GFRP bars casting in concrete beams demonstrated approximately 2.5% decrease of tensile strength caused by pore water environment in concrete beams on basis of those of the original bars. The effect of sustained loading plus work cracks demonstrated about 10.5% tensile strength decrease on basis of those of the bars only casted in concrete beams. The effect of environments under sustained loading plus work cracks demonstrated about 17% tensile strength decrease caused by a saturated solution of Ca(OH)2 and 60±2 °C tap water (pH=12–13) and about 8% tensile strength decrease caused by freezing and thawing cycle (F/T), both on basis of those of the bars of the indoor beams only under sustained loading plus work cracks. The results demonstrate the effects of the tensile strengths under different environmental conditions of GFRP bars in concrete beams with work cracks subjected to sustained loads.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M M Lwin. The Important Roles of Bridge Maintenance and Managementon Transportation Safety and Efficiency[C]. 3rd International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management, Taylor and Francis, Netherlands, 2006
American Concrete Inst. Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars[S]. ACI 440.1R-06, 2006
Japan Society of Civil Engineering. Recommendation for Design and Construction of Concrete Structures Using Continuous Fiber Reinforcing Materials[S]. Japanese Society of Civil Engineering, Concrete Engineering, Series 23, 1997
Ewan A Byars, Peter Waldron, Valter Dejke. Durability of FRP in Concrete — Current Specifications and a New Approach[J]. International Journal of Materials and Product Technology, 2003, 19(1): 40–52
Gilbert Nkurunziza, Ahmed Debaiky, Patrice Cousin, et al. Durability of GFRP Bars: A Critical Review of the Literature[J]. Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials, 2005, 7(4):194–209
Valter Dejke. Durability of FRP Reinforcement in Concrete[D]. Sweden: Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, 2001
F. Katsuki T Uomoto. Prediction of Deterioration of FRP Rods due to Alkali Attack[C]. Proceedings of the Second International RILEM Symposium (FRPRCS-2), Non-Metallic (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures, London, 1995
F E Tannous, H Saadatmanesh. Environmental Effects on the Mechanical Properties of E-glass FRP Rebars[J]. ACI Materials Journal, 1998, 95(2): 87–100
A Mukherjee, S J Arwikar. Performance of Glass Fiber-reinforced Polymer Reinforcing Bars in Tropical Environments — Part I: Structural Scale Tests[J]. ACI Structural Journal, 2005, 102(5): 745–753
Brahim Benmokrane, Peng Wang, Tan Minh Ton-That. Durability of Glass Fiber-reinforced Polymer Reinforcing Bars in Concrete Environment[J]. Journal of Composites for Construction, 2002, 6(3): 143–153
Valter Dejke. Durability and Service Life Prediction of GFRP for Concrete Reinforcement[C]. Fibre-reinforced Plastics for Reinforced Concrete Structures, FRPRCS-5, Thomas Telford, 2001
Zhang huili, Tian Kanlinag. Properties and Mechanism on Flexural Fatigue of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete Containing Slag[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed., 2011, 26(3): 533–540
A Katz, L C Bank, M Puterman. Durability of FRP Rebars after Four Years of Exposure[C]. Fibre-reinforced Plastics for Reinforced Concrete Structures, FRPRCS-5, 2001
Yi Chen, Julio F Davalos, Indrajit Ray. Critical Short-Term Data on Durability of FRP Reinforcing Bars for Long-Term Prediction Models[M]. New York: DEStech Publications, 2005
Yi Chen, Julio F Davalos, Indrajit Ray. Durability Prediction for GFRP Reinforcing Bars Using Short-term Data of Accelerated Aging Tests[J]. Journal of Composites for Construction, 2006, 10(4): 279–286
Yi Chen, Julio F Davalos, Indrajit Ray. Accelerated Aging Tests for Evaluations of Durability Performance of FRP Reinforcing Bars for Concrete Structures[J]. Composite Structures, 2007, 78(1):101–111
Yi Chen, Julio F Davalos, Indrajit Ray. Life-cycle Durability Prediction Models for GFRP Bars in Concrete under Sustained Loading and Environmental Exposure[C]. International Symposium on Fibrereinforced Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures, FRPRCS-8, Greece, 2007
Mathieu Robert, Patrice Cousin, Brahim Benmokrane. Durability of GFRP Reinforcing Bars Embedded in Moist Concrete[J]. Journal of Composites for Construction, 2011, 13(2): 66–73
Tarek H Almusallam, Yousef A Al-Salloum. Durability of GFRP Rebars in Concrete Beams under Sustained Loads at Severe Environments[J]. Journal of Composite Materials, 2006, 40(7): 623–637
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Funded Partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51178361)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
He, X., Yang, J. & Bakis, C.E. Tensile strength characteristics of GFRP bars in concrete beams with work cracks under sustained loading and severe environments. J. Wuhan Univ. Technol.-Mat. Sci. Edit. 28, 934–937 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-013-0796-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-013-0796-0