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Surface X-ray diffraction study of annealed single-crystal rutile TiO2 (001) surface

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Abstract

A polished rutile TiO2 (001) surface was annealed at 410 °C and studied using low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD). The LEED pattern revealed a (1 × 1) structure. The crystal truncation rods (CTRs) obtained using SXRD were analyzed to reveal the structure of the annealed TiO2 (001) surface. We found that about 40% of the surface was flat and the remaining 60% consisted of facets. The facets were mainly {011}-oriented. They were three layers deep and contained no terraces. It was reported that TiO2 (001) surface annealed at 410 °C exhibited more moderate photocatalytic activity than the HF-treated surface. Comparing these results, it was concluded that the formation of {011} facet lowered the photocatalytic activity of annealed TiO2 (001) surface than as-received surface.

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Acknowledgements

One of the authors (Y. I.) gratefully acknowledges support from the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (Proposal Nos. 2008B1393, 2008B2208, 2009B1445, and 2010A1258), which enabled the use of the BL13XU beam line facilities at SPring-8 for synchrotron experiments.

Funding

This work was financially supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (No. 23560807) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kanagawa Inst. of Tech., Shimoogino, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0292, Japan

    Yasuro Ikuma, Makoto Yamana, Satoshi Yokose, Koichi Niwa & Daiki Kuroda

  2. International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), Hyderabad, 500005, India

    Srinivasan Anandan

  3. Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan

    Hiroo Tajiri & Osami Sakata

Authors
  1. Yasuro Ikuma
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  2. Makoto Yamana
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  3. Satoshi Yokose
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  4. Koichi Niwa
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  5. Srinivasan Anandan
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  6. Daiki Kuroda
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  7. Hiroo Tajiri
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  8. Osami Sakata
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Correspondence to Yasuro Ikuma.

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Ikuma, Y., Yamana, M., Yokose, S. et al. Surface X-ray diffraction study of annealed single-crystal rutile TiO2 (001) surface. Ionics 25, 1879–1886 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-018-2692-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-018-2692-2

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