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Phytophthora chrysanthemi sp. nov., a new species causing root rot of chrysanthemum in Japan

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Abstract

A new species of Phytophthora was isolated from stem and root rot of chrysanthemum in the Gifu and Toyama prefectures of Japan. The species differs from other Phytophthora species morphologically, and is characterized by nonpapillate, noncaducous sporangia with internal proliferation, formation of both hyphal swellings and chlamydospores, homothallic nature, distinctive intercalary antheridia, and funnel-shaped oogonia. The new species can grow even at 35°C, with an optimum growth temperature of 30°C in V8 juice agar medium. In phylogenetic analyses based on five nuclear regions (LSU rDNA; genes for translation elongation factor 1α, β-tubulin, 60 S ribosomal protein L10, and heat shock protein 90), the isolates formed a monophyletic clade. Although the rDNA ITS region shows a high resolution and has proven particularly useful for the separation of Phytophthora species, it was difficult to align the sequences for phylogenetic analysis. Therefore, ITS region analysis using related species as defined by the multigene phylogeny was performed, and the topology of the resulting tree also revealed a monophyletic clade formed by the isolates of the species. The morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationships indicate that the isolates represent a new species, Phytophthora chrysanthemi sp. nov. In pathogenicity tests, chrysanthemum plants inoculated with the isolates developed lesions on stems and roots within 3 days, and the symptoms resembled the ones originally observed. Finally, the pathogen’s identity was confirmed by re-isolation from lesions of infected plants.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Susan A. Kirk (Forest Research Agency, Farnham), Dr. Lassaad Belbahri (Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Switzerland), Dr. Margaret Dick (New Zealand Forest Research Institute, New Zealand), Dr. Michael David Coffey (University of California Riverside, United States of America), and Dr. Reza Mostowfizadeh Ghalamfarsa (Department of Plant Protection, Siraz University, Iran) for providing isolates.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan

    Meherun Naher

  2. River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan

    Meherun Naher, Keiichi Motohash, Masako Senda & Koji Kageyama

  3. Gifu Prefectural Agricultural Technology Center, Matamaru, Gifu, Japan

    Hideki Watanabe

  4. National Institute of Floricultural Science, Fujimoto 2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8519, Japan

    Yoshiaki Chikuo

  5. Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan

    Haruhisa Suga

  6. Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, GU104LH, UK

    Clive Brasier

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  1. Meherun Naher
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  2. Keiichi Motohash
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  3. Hideki Watanabe
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  4. Yoshiaki Chikuo
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  5. Masako Senda
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  6. Haruhisa Suga
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  7. Clive Brasier
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  8. Koji Kageyama
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Correspondence to Koji Kageyama.

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Naher, M., Motohash, K., Watanabe, H. et al. Phytophthora chrysanthemi sp. nov., a new species causing root rot of chrysanthemum in Japan. Mycol Progress 10, 21–31 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0670-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0670-9

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