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The new genus Auritella from Africa and Australia (Inocybaceae, Agaricales): molecular systematics, taxonomy and historical biogeography

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Abstract

Recent phylogenetic evidence strongly supports a monophyletic group of Afro-Australian mushroom species with phenotypic affinities to the genus Inocybe (Agaricales, Basidiomycota). In this study, this clade is proposed as the new genus Auritella. Seven species are fully documented with taxonomic descriptions and illustrations, four of which are described as new, including one sequestrate or truffle-like species. A key to genera and major clades of the Inocybaceae and a key to species of Auritella are provided. A maximum likelihood tree using rpb2 and nLSU-rDNA nucleotide sequences depicts the phylogenetic relationships of five of the seven species of the genus, of which the Australian taxa form a monophyletic group. An ancient split between Australian and African lineages is hypothesized using a molecular clock that dates back at least to the late Cretaceous (about 86 Ma). Taxonomic novelties: Auritella Matheny and Bougher; Auritella arenacolens (Cleland) Matheny and Bougher; Auritella aureoplumosa (Watling) Matheny; Auritella chamaecephala Matheny, O. K. Miller and Bougher; Auritella dolichocystis Matheny, Trappe and Bougher; Auritella erythroxa (De Seynes) Matheny; Auritella geoaustralis Matheny and Bougher; Auritella serpentinocystis Matheny, Trappe and Bougher.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Jim Trappe, Roy Watling, Orson Miller, Jr., and Graham Bell and the staff at CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products and the Western Australian Herbarium in Perth, Australia for access to collections used in this study. Many sources provided funding for the molecular work of this project: Ben Hall’s lab at the University of Washington, a Graduate Fellow Award from the Mycological Society of America, and grants from the Puget Sound Mycological Society and the Daniel E. Stuntz Memorial Foundation. We are also grateful to Dick Olmstead, Ben Hall, and Joe Ammirati for their critical reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript as well as to two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped improve this paper.

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  1. P. Brandon Matheny

    Present address: Biology Department, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA

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  1. Biology Department, University of Washington, Box 351330, Seattle, WA, 98195-5325, USA

    P. Brandon Matheny

  2. Department of Conservation and Land Management, Western Australian Herbarium, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA 6983, Perth, Australia

    Neale L. Bougher

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Matheny, P.B., Bougher, N.L. The new genus Auritella from Africa and Australia (Inocybaceae, Agaricales): molecular systematics, taxonomy and historical biogeography. Mycol Progress 5, 2–17 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-005-0001-8

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