Abstract
Purpose
For augmented reality surgical navigation based on C-arm imaging, accuracy of the overlaid augmented reality onto the X-ray image is imperative. However, overlay displacement is generated when a conventional pinhole model describing a geometric relationship of a normal camera is adopted for C-arm calibration. Thus, a modified model for C-arm calibration is proposed to reduce this displacement, which is essential for accurate surgical navigation.
Method
Based on the analysis of displacement pattern generated for three-dimensional objects, we assumed that displacement originated by moving the X-ray source position according to the depth. In the proposed method, X-ray source movement was modeled as variable intrinsic parameters and represented in the pinhole model by replacing the point source with a planar source.
Results
The improvement which represents a reduced displacement was verified by comparing overlay accuracy for augmented reality surgical navigation between the conventional and proposed methods. The proposed method achieved more accurate overlay on the X-ray image in spatial position as well as depth of the object volume.
Conclusion
We validated that intrinsic parameters that describe the source position were dependent on depth for a three-dimensional object and showed that displacement can be reduced and become independent of depth by using the proposed planar source model.
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Funding
This work was supported by the Technology Innovation Program (No. 10063309, Development of high-precision modular restoration system for fracture reduction and bone deformity correction) funded by the Ministry of Trade, industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea) and by the Robot industry fusion core technology development project through the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of Korea (MOTIE) (No. 10052980).
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Ha, HG., Jeon, S., Lee, S. et al. Perspective pinhole model with planar source for augmented reality surgical navigation based on C-arm imaging. Int J CARS 13, 1671–1682 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-018-1823-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-018-1823-6