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Seeing is believing: increasing intraoperative awareness to scattered radiation in interventional procedures by combining augmented reality, Monte Carlo simulations and wireless dosimeters

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International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Surgical staff performing image-guided minimally invasive surgical procedures are chronically exposed to harmful ionizing radiation. Currently, no means exist to intraoperatively depict the 3D shape and intensity of scattered radiation fields or to assess the body-part exposure of clinicians. We propose a system for simulating and visualizing intraoperative scattered radiation using augmented reality.

Methods

We use a multi-camera RGBD system to obtain a 3D point cloud reconstruction of the current room layout. The positions of the clinicians, patient, table and C-arm are used to build a radiation propagation simulation model and compute the deposited dose distribution in the room. We use wireless dosimeters to calibrate the simulation and to evaluate its accuracy at each time step. The computed 3D risk map is shown in an augmented reality manner by overlaying the simulation results onto the 3D model.

Results

Several 3D visualizations showing scattered radiation propagation, clinicians’ body-part exposure and radiation risk maps under different irradiation conditions are proposed. The system is evaluated in an operating room equipped with a robotized X-ray imaging device by comparing the radiation simulation results to experimental measurements under several X-ray acquisition setups and room configurations.

Conclusions

The proposed system is capable to display intraoperative scattered radiation intuitively in 3D by using augmented reality. This can have a strong impact on improving clinicians’ awareness of their exposure to ionizing radiation and on reducing overexposure risks.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by French state funds managed by the ANR within the Investissements d’Avenir program under references ANR-11-LABX-0004 (Labex CAMI), ANR-10-IDEX-0002-02 (IdEx Unistra) and ANR-10-IAHU-02 (IHU Strasbourg). The authors would like to thank Siemens and RaySafe for their help with the devices as well as Nicolas Clauss and Ziad El Bitar for interesting discussions.

Conflict of interest

Nicolas Loy Rodas and Nicolas Padoy declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical standard This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed consent Statement of informed consent was not applicable since the manuscript does not contain any patient data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICube, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IHU Strasbourg, 1 Place de l’Hopital, 67000, Strasbourg, France

    Nicolas Loy Rodas & Nicolas Padoy

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  1. Nicolas Loy Rodas
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  2. Nicolas Padoy
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Correspondence to Nicolas Loy Rodas.

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Loy Rodas, N., Padoy, N. Seeing is believing: increasing intraoperative awareness to scattered radiation in interventional procedures by combining augmented reality, Monte Carlo simulations and wireless dosimeters. Int J CARS 10, 1181–1191 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-015-1161-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-015-1161-x

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