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Genomics, proteomics, MEMS and SAIF: which role for diagnostic imaging?

Genomica, proteomica, MEMS e SAIF: quale ruolo per la diagnostica per immagini?

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Abstract

In these three words — genomics, proteomics and nanotechnologies — is the future of medicine of the third millennium, which will be characterised by more careful attention to disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Molecular imaging appears to satisfy this requirement. It is emerging as a new science that brings together molecular biology and in vivo imaging and represents the key for the application of personalized medicine. Micro-PET (positron emission tomography), micro-SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography), micro-CT (computed tomography), micro-MR (magnetic resonance), micro-US (ultrasound) and optical imaging are all molecular imaging techniques, several of which are applied only in preclinical settings on animal models. Others, however, are applied routinely in both clinical and preclinical setting. Research on small animals allows investigation of the genesis and development of diseases, as well as drug efficacy and the development of personalized therapies, through the study of biological processes that precede the expression of common symptoms of a pathology. Advances in molecular imaging were made possible only by collaboration among scientists in the fields of radiology, chemistry, molecular and cell biology, physics, mathematics, pharmacology, gene therapy and oncology. Although until now researchers have traditionally limited their interactions, it is only by increasing these connections that the current gaps in terminology, methods and approaches that inhibit scientific progress can be eliminated.

Riassunto

In tre parole, genomica, proteomica e nanotecnologie, è racchiusa la rivoluzione della medicina del terzo millennio, che sarà caratterizzata da una più accurata prevenzione, diagnosi e terapia delle malattie. Questa trova piena espressione nell’imaging molecolare: una nuova scienza che coniuga insieme la biologia molecolare e l’imaging in vivo e rappresenta la chiave delle applicazioni per una medicina personalizzata. La micro-PET e la micro-SPECT ma anche la micro-TC, la micro-RM, micro-ecografia ed l’optical imaging sono procedure di imaging molecolare, di cui alcune vengono applicate solamente in campo pre-clinico su modelli animali da laboratorio, altre già trovano analoga e routinaria applicazione sia in campo clinico ed ora preclinico. Mediante la sperimentazione su piccoli animali si possono studiare l’insorgenza e l’evolversi delle malattie ovvero l’efficacia dei farmaci e lo sviluppo di trattamenti personalizzati, attraverso, ad esempio, lo studio dei processi biologici che precedono il palesarsi dei tipici sintomi di una patologia. Tutto ciò richiede la stretta collaborazione di scienziati nel campo della radiologia, chimica, biologia cellulare e molecolare, fisica, matematica, farmacologia, terapia genica, oncologia. Sebbene, fino ad ora, i ricercatori abbiano generalmente limitato le loro interrelazioni, è solo incrementando questi rapporti che il gap attuale, nella terminologia, nei metodi e nell’approccio, che rallenta il progresso, può essere finalmente eliminato.

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Correspondence to R. Grassi.

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Grassi, R., Lagalla, R. & Rotondo, A. Genomics, proteomics, MEMS and SAIF: which role for diagnostic imaging?. Radiol med 113, 775–778 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11547-008-0309-y

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