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Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Smoking among Legal and Unauthorized Brazilian Migrants in Metropolitan Boston

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Abstract

Tobacco smoking is estimated to be the largest preventable cause of mortality in the USA, but little is known about the relationship between neighborhood social environment and current smoking behavior or how this may differ by population and geography. We investigate how neighborhood social cohesion and disorder are associated with smoking behavior among legal and unauthorized Brazilian migrant adults using data from the 2007 Harvard-UMASS Boston Metropolitan Immigrant Health and Legal Status Survey (BM-IHLSS), a probabilistic household survey of adult Brazilian migrants. We employ logistic regression to estimate associations between neighborhood social cohesion, neighborhood disorder, and current smoking. We find that neighborhood-level social cohesion is associated with lower likelihood of being a current smoker (O.R. = .836; p < .05), and neighborhood disorder, measured as crime experienced in the neighborhood, is not associated with current smoking. Neighborhood population density, age, being male, and residing with someone who smokes are each positively associated with current smoking (p < .10). The health of participants’ parents at the age of 35, being married, and individual earnings are associated with a reduction in the probability of being a current smoker (p < .05). Migrant legal status and length of residence in the USA are not associated with current smoking. Our findings suggest that neighborhood social cohesion may be protective against smoking. Alternatively, neighborhood disorder does not appear to be related to current smoking among Brazilian migrants.

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Acknowledgments

Louisa Holmes would like to thank the UCSF Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education (CTCRE) for its support (National Cancer Institute U01-CA 154240 and National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities P60MD006902), and Enrico Marcelli would like to thank the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center-UMASS Boston Partnership Grant #5U56CA118635-03 and the University of Massachusetts Boston, which funded the design and implementation of the 2007 Harvard-UMASS Boston Metropolitan Immigrant Health & Legal Status Survey (BM-IHLSS), as well as the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts (BCBSMA) Foundation, which provided additional funding for data analysis.

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  1. Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Avenue, Suite 366, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA

    Louisa M. Holmes

  2. Department of Sociology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA

    Enrico A. Marcelli

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Correspondence to Louisa M. Holmes.

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Holmes, L.M., Marcelli, E.A. Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Smoking among Legal and Unauthorized Brazilian Migrants in Metropolitan Boston. J Urban Health 91, 1175–1188 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-014-9912-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-014-9912-5

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