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Investigation of glucose fluctuations by approaches of multi-scale analysis

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Abstract

Glucose variability provides detailed information on glucose control and fluctuation. The aim of this study is to investigate the glucose variability by multi-scale analysis approach on 72-h glucose series captured by continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS), gaining insights into the variability and complexity of the glucose time series data. Ninety-eight type 2 DM patients participated in this study, and 72-h glucose series from each subject were recorded by CGMS. Subjects were divided into two subgroups according to the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) value threshold at 3.9 based on Chinese standard. In this study, we applied two types of multiple scales analysis methods on glucose time series: ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and refined composite multi-scale entropy (RCMSE). With EEMD, glucose series was decomposed into several intrinsic mode function (IMF), and glucose variability was examined on multiple time scales with periods ranging from 0.5 to 12 h. With RCMSE, complexity of the structure of glucose series was quantified at each time scale ranging from 5 to 30 min. Subgroup with higher MAGE value (>3.9) presented higher glycemic baseline and variability. There were significant differences in glycemic variability on IMFs3–5 between subgroups with MAGE>3.9 and MAGE < = 3.9 (p<0.001), but no significant differences in variability on IMFs1–2. The complexity of glucose series quantified by RCMSE showed statistically difference on each time scale from 5 to 30 min between subgroups (p<0.05). Glucose series from subjects with higher MAGE value represented higher variability but lower complexity on multiple time scales. Compared with traditional matrices measuring the glucose variability, approaches of EEMD and RCMSE can quantify the dynamic glycemic fluctuation in multiple time scales and provide us more detailed information on glycemic variability and complexity.

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Acknowledgements

This project was partly supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 61471398) and Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant Number: 3102028), and Clinical Research Support Foundation of Chinese PLA General Hospital (Grant Number: 2014FC-TSYS-2007). The process and design of the study was provided by the Natural Science Foundation of China and Beijing Natural Science Foundation. The data of the study was provided by the Clinical Research Support Foundation of Chinese PLA General Hospital.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China

    Yunyun Lai & Yi Xin

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China

    Zhengbo Zhang & Peiyao Li

  3. School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beijing University of Areonautics and Astronautics, Beijing, 100191, China

    Xiaoli Liu

  4. Human Centrifuge Medical Training Base of Chinese, Air Force, Beijing, 100089, China

    YiXin Liu

  5. Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China

    Weijun Gu

Authors
  1. Yunyun Lai
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  2. Zhengbo Zhang
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  3. Peiyao Li
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  4. Xiaoli Liu
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  5. YiXin Liu
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  6. Yi Xin
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  7. Weijun Gu
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Contributions

YX and WG participated in the design of the study; YL carried out the experiments and drafted the manuscript; YX and WG and ZZ provided some detailed guidance on the revised manuscript and the thought of the study. PL checked the grammar and spelling and helped to draft the manuscript. XL performed the statistical analysis. YXL recorded the data. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yi Xin or Weijun Gu.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Availability of data and material

CGMS data were collected from the Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital. They don’t want to share the raw data. So I’m afraid that I can’t afford the raw data described in the manuscript, since the data will be applied for the further study. About the results of the manuscript, we test them many times. And the results are consistent with the previous study. The references like 15, 32, 34, and 35 studied the control subjects, and DM patients can mainly support the findings of the manuscript, while this manuscript investigated the variability and complexity of the glucose time series on patients with type 2 DM diseases. The main manuscript described these findings in detail.

Consents

All the subjects have signed an informed consent form allowing the authors to publish their dynamic glucose data.

Ethical approval

The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Chinese PLA General Hospital. The reference number is 2011ZX09307–001-08.

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Lai, Y., Zhang, Z., Li, P. et al. Investigation of glucose fluctuations by approaches of multi-scale analysis. Med Biol Eng Comput 56, 505–514 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-017-1692-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-017-1692-0

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