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Extracellular Vesicles: Intercellular Mediators in Alcohol-Induced Pathologies

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Abstract

Though alcoholic liver injury plays the primary role in direct alcohol-related morbidity, alcohol consumption is also interlinked with many other diseases in extra-hepatic tissues/organs. The mechanism of alcoholic tissue injury is well documented, however the mechanisms that affect extra-hepatic tissues have not yet been well defined. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes and microvesicles, have been identified as key components of alcohol-induced extra-hepatic effects. We have reviewed the recent findings on the potential impact of alcohol-modified EVs/exosomes production and their downstream effects on extra-hepatic tissues. In this review, we discuss the available information on the cross-talk between hepatocytes and immune cells via EV/exosomal cargos (miRNA, mRNA, protein, etc.) in alcoholic liver diseases. We also discuss the effects of alcohol exposure on the contents of EVs/exosomes derived from various extra-hepatic tissues and their associated pathological consequences on recipient cells. Finally, we speculate on other potential EV/exosomal agents that may mediate alcohol-induced tissue damage.

Alcohol can alter contents of extracellular vesicles (EVs) (e.g. exosomes) such as miRNAs, protein, cytokines, etc. in hepatic and extra-hepatic cells. The transfer of these alcohol modified EVs to nearby or distant cells can play vital role in inflammatory pathways in alcohol induced pathogenesis/comorbidities.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are supported by the National Institutes of Health under Grants (AA022063) and (DA047178).

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  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Room 456, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA

    Mohammad A. Rahman, Benjamin J. Patters, Sunitha Kodidela & Santosh Kumar

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  1. Mohammad A. Rahman
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  2. Benjamin J. Patters
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  3. Sunitha Kodidela
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Correspondence to Santosh Kumar.

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Rahman, M.A., Patters, B.J., Kodidela, S. et al. Extracellular Vesicles: Intercellular Mediators in Alcohol-Induced Pathologies. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 15, 409–421 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-019-09848-z

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