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HERVs in Neuropathogenesis

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Abstract

In humans, exogenous retroviruses are known to cause immunodeficiency and neurological disease. While endogenous retroviruses are firmly established pathogens in other species, the human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) may well be considered as emerging pathogens. HERVs also exhibit complex interactions with exogenous retroviruses and herpesviruses. Two neurological disorders in particular are associated with HERVs: multiple sclerosis (MS) and schizophrenia. HERV-H/F and HERV-W are specifically activated both in the circulation and the central nervous system (CNS) in a majority of MS patients, and particularly, the envelopes (env transcription and Env proteins) appear strongly associated with disease activity. Interferon beta (IFN-β) therapy is well-established for MS. IFN-β is also known to have anti-retroviral activities toward exogenous retroviruses (HIV and HTLV-I). New reports show that IFN-β also mediate down-regulation of HERV-H/F and HERV-W in MS patients. HERV-W and HERV-K transcription (gag and pol) appears, to some extent, to be up-regulated in the circulation and the CNS of patients with schizophrenia. The expression of anti-HERV-W Gag reactive epitopes is reported to be down-regulated in the brain but up-regulated in the blood from schizophrenia patients. The pathogenic potential of HERVs certainly merits further studies.

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Acknowledgment

The author gratefully acknowledge financial support from The Augustinus Foundation, The Beckett Foundation, The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Society, Goof Fonden, Aase and Einar Danielsen’s Foundation, Fonden til Lægevidenskabens Fremme, Jascha Fonden, Direktør Jacob Madsens Fond, Torben og Alice Frimodts Fond, Wilhelm Bangs Fond, CC Klestrups Fond, Dagmar Marshalls Fond, Grosserer AV Lykfeldts Legat, Brdr Hartmanns Fond, Krista og Viggo Petersens Fond, and Carl og Ellen Hertz’ Legat.

The author declares no conflicting interests.

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  1. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Aarhus, Bartholin Building, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark

    Tove Christensen

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Christensen, T. HERVs in Neuropathogenesis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 5, 326–335 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-010-9214-y

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