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The Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form: a Persian Version Among a Large Sample of Psychiatric Patients

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Abstract

The Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), as a measure of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), showed good validity and reliability. Factor analytic studies have studied various models regarding first-order and second-order factors by using confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs). A limitation of prior psychometric studies on the YSQ-SF is the reliance on normal samples. This study aimed to assess latent factor structure, validity, and reliability of the Persian-translated version of YSQ-SF in a large sample of patients with different mental disorders. One thousand and six patients with different psychiatric disorders completed the YSQ-SF, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), and the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI). The results showed that the 15-factor first-order and five-factor second-order models had more acceptable fits than other models. The internal reliability of the YSQ-SF in terms of Cronbach’s alpha was found to be good. Criterion, predictive, and discriminant validity of the scale was confirmed to be acceptable. The findings suggest that among the proposed models of YSQ-SF, the 75-item YSQ-SF with 15-factor first-order and five-factor second-order models has acceptable fits among Iranian psychiatric patients.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Research Development Center of Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Vahid Khosravani

  2. Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

    Mahmoud Najafi

  3. Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Mohammadzadeh

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  1. Vahid Khosravani
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  2. Mahmoud Najafi
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  3. Ali Mohammadzadeh
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All authors contributed substantively to the preparation of the manuscript. All authors were involved in the statistical analyses and data collection of the study. All authors contributed to and have approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Vahid Khosravani.

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All procedures in this study were performed in accordance with the 1989 revision of the Helsinki Declaration.

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Appendix A

Appendix A

Table 7 The Persian version of the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF)
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Khosravani, V., Najafi, M. & Mohammadzadeh, A. The Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form: a Persian Version Among a Large Sample of Psychiatric Patients. Int J Ment Health Addiction 18, 949–967 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9997-2

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