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Fundamental modes in waveguide pipe twisted by saturated double-well potential

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Abstract

We study fundamental modes trapped in a rotating ring with a saturated nonlinear double-well potential. This model, which is based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, can be constructed in a twisted waveguide pipe in terms of light propagation, or in a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) loaded into a toroidal trap under a combination of a rotating π-out-of-phase linear potential and nonlinear pseudopotential induced by means of a rotating optical field and the Feshbach resonance. Three types of fundamental modes are identified in this model, one symmetric and the other two asymmetric. The shape and stability of the modes and the transitions between different modes are investigated in the first rotational Brillouin zone. A similar model used a Kerr medium to build its nonlinear potential, but we replace it with a saturated nonlinear medium. The model exhibits not only symmetry breaking, but also symmetry recovery. A specific type of unstable asymmetric mode is also found, and the evolution of the unstable asymmetric mode features Josephson oscillation between two linear wells. By considering the model as a configuration of a BEC system, the ground state mode is identified among these three types, which characterize a specific distribution of the BEC atoms around the trap.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronic Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China

    Gui-Hua Chen & Hong-Cheng Wang

  2. Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IL-69978, Israel

    Zhao-Pin Chen

  3. Department of Applied Physics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China

    Yan Liu

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  1. Gui-Hua Chen
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  2. Hong-Cheng Wang
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  3. Zhao-Pin Chen
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  4. Yan Liu
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Correspondence to Hong-Cheng Wang.

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Chen, GH., Wang, HC., Chen, ZP. et al. Fundamental modes in waveguide pipe twisted by saturated double-well potential. Front. Phys. 12, 124201 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-016-0601-6

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