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Viability of electro-mechanical impedance technique for monitoring damage in rocks under cyclic loading

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Abstract

Cyclic loading, when acting upon a structure due to natural or man-made causes, deteriorates its strength slowly. This phenomenon might result in fatigue failure, which is often catastrophic and sudden. Such failure can also occur in underlying rocks over which civil structures are built. It is very crucial to identify the damage in the surrounding rocks at an incipient stage to prevent its further propagation and safeguard the structure built over it. However, unlike superstructure, the underlying rocks are often inaccessible for conventional monitoring techniques. Therefore, damage detection in rocks requires an efficient and dedicated structural health monitoring (SHM) system to monitor the rocks regularly. The present study explores the feasibility of using thin piezo-based sensors via the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique for timely detecting damages in rocks under cyclic loading. As part of the experimental program, cylindrical specimens of Kota sandstone, instrumented with lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patches, were tested under sinusoidal cyclic loading. The conductance signatures acquired at different stages of loading were analyzed, and changes resulting from damage were quantified using sub-root mean-square deviation (S-RMSD) technique. The frequency range of 1–100 kHz was found to be most sensitive toward detecting the incremental damages in rocks with an increase in the number of cycles. The patches were capable of detecting the damage even after the first 1000 cycles of loading. The shifting of the conductance peak indicated the reduction in the stiffness of the rock specimen. The results of the study confirm the feasibility of the EMI technique for SHM of rocks under cyclic loading.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Civil Engineering Department, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pauri, Uttarakhand, 246194, India

    Prateek Negi

  2. Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India

    Tanusree Chakraborty & Suresh Bhalla

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  1. Prateek Negi
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  2. Tanusree Chakraborty
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  3. Suresh Bhalla
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Correspondence to Prateek Negi.

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Negi, P., Chakraborty, T. & Bhalla, S. Viability of electro-mechanical impedance technique for monitoring damage in rocks under cyclic loading. Acta Geotech. 17, 483–495 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-021-01181-1

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