Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Simulation of the western North Pacific summer monsoon by regional ocean–atmosphere coupled model: impacts of oceanic components

  • Article
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Published:
Chinese Science Bulletin

Abstract

A successful simulation of the western North Pacific summer monsoon needs a regional ocean–atmosphere coupled model (ROAM). How the performance of ROAM relies on the oceanic component model remains unknown. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of different oceanic components on the simulation of western North Pacific (WNP) summer monsoon in a ROAM. Three cases of simulations were performed, viz. the summer of 1998 (El Niño decaying phase), 2004 (El Niño developing phase), and 1993 (the non-ENSO phase). Results show that the coupled simulations for different ENSO phases exhibit improvements in the simulation of location of Meiyu rainband and spatial distribution of monsoon low-level flow over WNP, whereas the systemic cold biases of sea surface air temperature are further increased. The coupled simulations with different oceanic components show similar performance, which is not ENSO phase dependent. For the case of the summer of 1998, a slightly stronger western Pacific subtropical high and colder sea surface air temperature are found in the simulation with colder sea surface temperature (SST) biases. The colder SST biases are partly contributed by the ocean dynamics processes because the sea surface net flux favors a warmer SST. This study suggests that the dependence of performance of ROAM over WNP on oceanic models is much weaker than that on atmospheric models.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Wang B, Kang IS, Lee JY (2004) Ensemble simulations of Asian-Australian monsoon variability by 11 AGCMs. J Clim 17:803–818

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Wu R, Kirtman BP (2005) Roles of Indian and Pacific Ocean air–sea coupling in tropical atmospheric variability. Clim Dyn 25:155–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Zhou TJ, Wu B, Wang B (2009) How well do atmospheric general circulation models capture the leading modes of the interannual variability of the Asian-Australian monsoon? J Clim 22:1159–1173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Zhou TJ, Wu B, Scaife AA et al (2009) The CLIVAR C20C project: which components of the Asian-Australian monsoon circulation variations are forced and reproducible? Clim Dyn 33:1051–1068

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Wang B, Ding QH, Fu XH et al (2005) Fundamental challenge in simulation and prediction of summer monsoon rainfall. Geophys Res Lett 32:L15711. doi:10.1029/2005GL022734

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Kug JS, Kang IS, Choi DH (2008) Seasonal climate predictability with tier-one and tier-two prediction systems. Clim Dyn 31:403–416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Zou LW, Zhou TJ (2011) Sensitivity of a regional ocean–atmosphere coupled model to convection parameterization over western North Pacific. J Geophys Res 116:D18106. doi:10.1029/2011JD015844

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Zou LW, Zhou TJ (2012) Development and evaluation of a regional ocean–atmosphere coupled model with focus on the western North Pacific summer monsoon simulation: Impacts of different atmospheric components. Sci China Earth Sci 55:802–815

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Ren XJ, Qian YF (2005) A coupled regional air–sea model, its performance and climate drift in simulation of the East Asian summer monsoon in 1998. Int J Climatol 25:679–692

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Yao SX, Zhang YC (2008) Regional coupled air–sea model simulation of China summer precipitation. Acta Meteorol Sin 66:131–142 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Li T, Zhou GQ (2010) Preliminary results of a regional air–sea coupled model over East Asia. Chin Sci Bull 55:2295–2305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Fang YJ, Zhang YC, Tang JP et al (2010) A regional air–sea coupled model and its application over East Asian in the summer of 2000. Adv Atmos Sci 27:583–593

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ratnam JV, Giorgi F, Kaginalkar A et al (2009) Simulation of the Indian monsoon using the RegCM3-ROMS regional coupled model. Clim Dyn 33:119–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Pal JS, Giorgi F, Bi XQ et al (2007) Regional climate modeling for the developing world: the ICTP RegCM3 and RegCNET. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 88:1395–1409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Mellor GL (2004) Users guide for a three-dimensional, primitive equation, numerical ocean model. Program in atmospheric and oceanic sciences. Princeton University, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  16. Chu PC, Chang CP (1997) South China Sea warm pool in boreal spring. Adv Atmos Sci 14:195–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Qian YF, Zhu BC, Wang QQ (1998) A computational scheme of horizontal pressure gradient in ocean model with σ coordinate system. J Nanjing Univ (Nat Sci) 134:691–700 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Mellor GL, Yamada T (1982) Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Rev Geophys Space Phys 20:851–875

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Liu HL, Lin PF, Yu YQ et al (1999) The baseline evaluation of LASG/IAP climate system ocean model (LICOM) version 2. Acta Meteorol Sin 26:318–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Jin XZ, Zhang XH, Zhou TJ (1999) Fundamental framework and experiments of the third generation of IAP/LASG world ocean general circulation model. Adv Atmos Sci 16:197–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhang XH, Yu YQ, Yu RC et al (2003) Assessments of an OGCM and the relevant CGCM part I: annual mean simulations in the tropical ocean. Chin J Atmos Sci 27:649–970 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Liu HL, Zhang XH, Li W et al (2004) An eddy-permitting oceanic general circulation model and its preliminary evaluations. Adv Atmos Sci 21:675–690

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Canuto VM, Howard A, Cheng Y et al (2001) Ocean turbulence. Part I: one-point closure model-momentum and heat vertical diffusivities. J Phys Oceanogr 31:1413–1426

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Canuto VM, Howard A, Cheng Y et al (2002) Ocean turbulence. Part II: vertical diffusivities of momentum, heat, salt, mass, and passive scalars. J Phys Oceanogr 32:240–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Zou LW, Zhou TJ (2013) Can a regional ocean–atmosphere coupled model improve the simulation of the interannual variability of the western North Pacific summer monsoon? J Clim 26:2353–2367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Kanamitsu M, Ebisuzaki W, Woollen J et al (2002) NCEP-DOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R-2). Bull Am Meteorol Soc 83:1631–1643

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Levitus S (1982) Climatological atlas of the world ocean. NOAA Prof paper 13, and 17 microfiche

  28. Locarnini RA, Mishonov AV, Antonov JI et al (2006) World ocean atlas 2005, vol 1: temperature. In: Levitus S (ed) NOAA Atlas NESDIS 61. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  29. Antonov JI, Locarnini RA, Boyer TP et al (2006) World ocean atlas 2005, vol 2: salinity. In: Levitus S (ed) NOAA Atlas NESDIS 62. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  30. Reynolds RW, Rayner NA, Smith TM et al (2002) An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate. J Clim 15:1609–1625

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Wu B, Zhou TJ, Li T (2009) Contrast of rainfall-SST relationships in the western North Pacific between the ENSO-developing and ENSO-decaying summers. J Clim 22:4398–4405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Huffman GJ, Adler RF, Bolvin DT et al (2007) The TRMM multisatellite precipitation analysis (TMPA): quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales. J Hydrometeorol 8:38–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Yu L, Jin X, Weller R (2008) Multidecade global flux datasets from the objectively analyzed air–sea fluxes (OAFlux) project: latent and sensible heat fluxes, ocean evaporation, and related surface meteorological variables. Technical report OA-2008-01, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

  34. Zhang Y, Rossow WB, Lacis AA et al (2004) Calculation of radiative fluxes from the surface to top of atmosphere based on ISCCP and other global data sets: refinements of the radiative transfer model and the input data. J Geophys Res 109:D19105. doi:10.1029/2003JD004457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Huffman GJ, Adler RF, Morrissey MM et al (2001) Global precipitation at one-degree daily resolution from multisatellite observations. J Hydrometeorol 2:36–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Zhang DF, Ouyang LC, Gao XJ et al (2007) Simulation of the atmospheric circulation over East Asia and climate in China by RegCM3. J Trop Meteorol 23:444–452 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Chou C, Tu JY, Yu JY (2003) Interannual variability of the western North Pacific summer monsoon: differences between ENSO and non-ENSO years. J Clim 16:2275–2287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Wu B, Zhou TJ, Li T (2009) Seasonally evolving dominant interannual variability modes of East Asian climate. J Clim 22:2992–3005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Xie SP, Hu K, Hafner J et al (2009) Indian Ocean capacitor effect on Indo-western Pacific climate during the summer following El Nino. J Clim 22:730–747

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The comments from two anonymous reviewers are highly appreciated. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41205080), the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB956204), China R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (meteorology) (GYHY201306019), and Public Science and Technology Research Funds (201105019–3).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Liwei Zou & Tianjun Zhou

Authors
  1. Liwei Zou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tianjun Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Liwei Zou.

About this article

Cite this article

Zou, L., Zhou, T. Simulation of the western North Pacific summer monsoon by regional ocean–atmosphere coupled model: impacts of oceanic components. Chin. Sci. Bull. 59, 662–673 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-013-0104-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-013-0104-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation