Abstract
The technical breakthroughs and rapid developments in nanotechnologies enabling goods and products based on nanomaterials (NMs) has come to media and public attention as potentially one of the most significant technological advances of our time. Among these technical applications, nano-composite food packaging, which combines the NMs and conventional packaging, is at the forefront of applications in nanotechnologies, leading the whole industrial chain based on nanotechnologies with high speed development. Taking into account the status of the nano-composites applied in food packaging and present development trends, this review is focused on summarizing the basic applications of the nano-composites in food packaging as well as its risk assessment. The status summaries and the conclusions derived from this review are of benefit to manufacturers which produce the nano-composites used in food packaging, to general consumers and to governmental administration entities.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Aitken R F, Hankin S M, Tran C L, et al. REFNANO: Reference Materials for Engineered Nanoparticle Toxicology and Metrology. Technical Report, Institute of Occupational Medicine. 2007
Bouwmeester H, Dekkers S, Noordam M, et al. Health Impact of Nanotechnologies in Food Production. Technical Report, RIKILT—Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre. 2007
Torchilin V P. Targeted pharmaceutical nanocarriers for cancer therapy and imaging. AAPS J, 2007, 9: E128–E147
Moraru C I, Panchapakesan C P, Huang Q, et al. Nanotechnology: A new frontier in food science. Food Technol, 2003, 57: 24–29
Alexandra M, Dubois P. Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: Preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials. Mat Sci Eng R, 2000, 28: 1–63
Peter Š, Qasim C, Dušan B. Migration of engineered nanoparticles from polymer packaging to food—A physicochemical view. J Food Nutr Res, 2008, 47:105–113
Repot of an OECD Workshop on Exposure Assessment and Exposure Mitigation: Manufactured Nanomaterials. Technical Report, OECD Environment, Health and Safety Publications, Series on the Safety of Manufactured Nanomaterials, No. 13, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris. 2009
Nanomaterials in REACH. Technical Report, Follow-up to the 6th Meeting of the REACH Competent Authorities for the implementation of Regulation (EC) 1907/2006 (REACH), Brussels. 2008
Kotsilkova R, Petkova V, Pelovski Y. Thermal analysis of polymersilicate nanocomposites. J Therm Anal Calorim, 2001, 64: 591–598
Ray S S, Maiti P, Okamoto M, et al. New polylactide/layered silicate nanocomposites. 1. Preparation, characterization, and properties. Macro-molecules, 2002, 35: 3104–3110
Wang K K, Koo C M, Chung I J. Physical properties of polyethylene/silicate nanocomposite blown films. J Appl Polym Sci, 2003, 89: 2131–2136
Wan C, Qiao X, Zhang Y, et al. Effect of different clay treatment on morphology and mechanical properties of PVC-clay nanocomposites. Polym Test, 2003, 22: 453–461
Schartel B, Pötschke P, Knoll U, et al. Fire behaviour of polyamide 6/multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Eur Polym J, 2005, 41: 1061–1070
Xu B, Zheng Q, Song Y, et al. Calculating barrier properties of polymer/clay nanocomposites: Effects of clay layers. Polymer, 2006, 47: 2904–2910
Aaron L B. “Nano, nano” food packaging technology. Food Technol, 2003, 57: 52–54
Jun S K, Eunye K, Kyeong N Y, et al. Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles. Nanomed-Nanotechnol, 2007, 3: 95–101
Margaret I, Sau L L, Vincent K M P, et al. Antimicrobial activities of silver dressings: An in vitro comparison. J Med Microbiol, 2006, 55: 59–63
Mohammed F A, Balaji K, Girilal M, et al. Mycobased synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their incorporation into sodium alginate films for vegetable and fruit preservation. J Agric Food Chem, 2009, 57: 6246–6252
del N M, Cannarsi M, Altieri C, et al. Effect of Ag-containing nano composite active packaging system on survival of alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. J Food Sci, 2004, 69: E379–E383
LaCoste A, Schaich K, Zumbrunnen D, et al. Advancing controlled release packaging through smart blending. Packag Technol Sci, 2005, 18: 77–87
Lopez-Rubio A, Gavara R, Lagaron J. Bioactive packaging: Turning foods into healthier foods through biomaterials. Trends Food Sci Technol, 2006, 17: 567–575
Nachay K. Analyzing nanotechnology. Food Technol, 2007, 61: 34–36
Jin-Hae C, Yeong Uk A, Donghwan C, et al. Poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites: comparison of their properties with montmorillonite and synthetic mica (II). Polymer, 2003, 44: 3715–3720
Chow W S, Lok S K. Thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/organo—montmorillonite nanocomposites. J Therm Anal Calorim, 2009, 95: 627–632
McGlashan S A, Halley P J. Preparation and characterisation of biodegradable starch-based nanocomposite materials. Polym Int, 2003, 52: 1767–1773
Avella M, De Vlieger J J, Errico M E, et al. Biodegradable starch/clay nanocomposite films for food packaging applications. Food Chem, 2005, 93: 467–474
Paul J A B, David R, Stephan H, et al. The potential risks of nanomaterials: A review carried out for ECETOC. Part Fibre Toxicol, 2006, 3: 1–35
Nemmar A, Vanbilloen H, Hoylaerts M F, et al. Passage of intratracheally instilled ultrafine particles from the lung into the systemic circulation in hamster. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2001, 164: 1665–1668
Kreyling W G, Semmler M, Erbe F, et al. Translocation of ultrafine insoluble iridium particles from lung epithelium to extrapulmonary organs is size dependent but very low. J Toxicol Environ Health A, 2002, 65: 1513–1530
Maibach H I, Feldman R J, Milby T H, et al. Regional variation in percutaneous penetration in man: Pesticides. Arch Environ Health, 1971, 23: 208–211
Lademann J, Richter H, Otberg N, et al. Application of a dermatological laser scanning confocal microscope for investigation in skin physiology. J Laser Phys, 2003, 13: 756–760
Pflücker F, Wendel V, Hohenberg H, et al. The human stratum corneum layer: An effective barrier against dermal uptake of different forms of topically applied micronised titanium dioxide. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol, 2001, 14(Suppl 1): 92–97
Alvarez-Roman R, Naik A, Kalia Y N, et al. Skin penetration and distribution of polymeric nanoparticles. J Control Release, 2004, 99: 53–62
Hoet P H, Bruske-Hohlfeld I, Salata O V. Nanoparticles—known and unknown health risks. J Nanobiotechnology, 2004, 2: 12–27
des R A, Fievez V, Garinot M, et al. Nanoparticles as potential oral delivery systems of proteins and vaccines: a mechanistic approach. J Control Release, 2006, 116: 1–27
Szentkuti L. Light microscopical observations on luminally administered dyes, dextrans, nanospheres and microspheres in the preepithelial mucus gel layer of the rat distal colon. J Control Release, 1997, 46: 233–242
Hillyer J F, Albrecht R M. Gastrointestinal persorption and tissue distribution of differently sized colloidal gold nanoparticles. J Pharm Sci, 2001, 90: 1927–1936
Jani P, Halbert G W, Langridge J, et al. Nanoparticle uptake by the rat gastrointestinal mucosa: Quantitation and particle size dependency. J Pharm Pharmacol, 1990, 42: 821–826
Samuel K, Lai D, O’Hanlon E, et al. Rapid transport of large polymeric nanoparticles in fresh undiluted human mucus. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA, 2007, 104: 1482–1487
Kim Y S, Kim J S, Cho H S, et al. Twenty-eight-day oral toxicity, genotoxicity, and gender-related tissue distribution of silver nanoparticles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Inhal Toxicol, 2008, 20: 575–583
Günter O, Eva O, Jan O. Nanotoxicology: An emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles. Environ Health Persp, 2005, 113: 823–839
Donaldson K, Lang T C. Inflammation caused by particles and fibers. Inhal Toxicol, 2002, 14: 5–27
Halliwell B, Gutteridge J M C. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999
Li N, Sioutas C, Cho A, et al. Ultrafine particulate pollutants induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Environ Health Persp, 2003, 111: 455–460
Yamakoshi Y, Umezawa N, Ryu A, et al. Active oxygen species generated from photoexcited fullerene (C60) as potential medicines: O2−· versus 1O2. J Am Chem Soc, 2003, 125: 12803–12809
Kedar N P. Can we prevent Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease? J Postgrad Med, 2003, 49: 236–245
Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Reed W, Maronpot R R, et al. Brain inflammation and Alzheimer’s-like pathology in individuals exposed to severe air pollution. Toxicol Pathol, 2004, 32: 650–658
Brown D M, Donaldson K, Borm P J, et al. Calcium and ROS-mediated activation of transcriptionfactors and TNF-alpha cytokine gene expression in macrophages exposed to ultrafine particles. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2004, 286: L344–L353
Stone V, Johnson G D, Wilton J C, et al. Effect of oxidative stress and disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis on hepatocyte canalicular function in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol, 1994, 47: 625–632
Matthew J, Campen J D, McDonald, et al. Cardiovascular effects of inhaled diesel exhaust in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol, 2003, 3: 353–361
Suwa T, Hogg J C, Quinlan K B, et al. Particulate air pollution induces progression of atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2002, 39: 935–942
Andrej K, Andreas S, Shinji T, et al. Ultrafine particles exert prothrombotic but not inflammatory effects on the hepatic microcirculation in healthy mice in-vivo. Circulation, 2004, 109: 1320–1325
Lomer M C, Thompson R P, Powell J J. Fine and ultrafine particles of the diet: Influence on the mucosal immune response and association with Crohn’s disease. P Nutr Soc, 2002, 61: 123–130
Lomer M C, Grainger S L, Ede R, et al. Lack of efficacy of a reduced microparticle diet in a multi-centred trial of patients with active Crohn’s disease. Eur J Gastroen Hepat, 2005, 17: 377–384
Powell J J, Harvey R S, Ashwood P, et al. Immune potentiation of ultrafine dietary particles in normal subjects and patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Autoimmun, 2000, 14: 99–105
Gurr J R, Wang A S, Chen C H, et al. Ultrafine titanium dioxide particles in the absence of photoactivation can induce oxidative damage to human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicology, 2005, 213: 66–73
Landsiedel R, Kapp M D, Schulz M, et al. Genotoxicity investigations on nanomaterials: Methods, preparation and characterization of test material, potential artifacts and limitations-many questions, some answers. Mutat Res, 2009, 681: 241–258
Mroz R M, Schins R P, Li H, et al. Nanoparticle-driven DNA damage mimics irradiation-related carcinogenesis pathways. Eur Respir J, 2008, 31: 241–251
Rahman Q, Lohani M, Dopp E, et al. Evidence that ultrafine titanium dioxide induces micronuclei and apoptosis in syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts. Environ Health Persp, 2002, 110: 797–800
Papageorgiou I, Brown C, Schins R, et al. The effect of nano- and micron-sized particles of cobalt—chromium alloy on human fibroblasts in vitro. Biomaterials, 2007, 28: 2946–2958
Alexander B M, Jeffrey W G. Characterization of polymer-layered silicate (clay) nanocomposites by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction: A comparative study. J App Polym Sci, 2003, 87: 1329–1338
Vermogen A, Masenelli-Varlot K, Seguela R, et al. Evaluation of the structure and dispersion in polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites. Macromolecules, 2005, 38: 9661–9669
Usuki A, Hasegawa N, Kadoura H, et al. Three dimensional observation of structure and morphology in nylon-6/clay nanocomposite. Nano Lett, 2001, 1: 271–272
Perrin-Sarazin F, Ton-That M T, Bureau M N, et al. Micro- and nano-structure in polypropylene/clay nanocomposites. Polymer, 2005, 46: 11624–11634
Yalcin B, Cakmak M. The role of plasticizer on the exfoliation and dispersion and fracture behavior of clay particles in PVC matrix: A comprehensive morphological study. Polymer, 2004, 45: 6623–6638
Vaia R A, Liu W. X-ray powder diffraction of polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: Model and practice. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys, 2002, 40: 1590–1600
Bafna A, Beaucage G, Mirabella F, et al. 3D hierarchical orientation in polymer-clay nanocomposite films. Polymer, 2003, 44: 1103–1115
Vaia R A, Liu W, Koerner H. Analysis of small-angle scattering of suspensions of organically modified montmorillonite: Implications to phase behavior of polymer nanocomposites. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 2003, 41: 3214–3236
VanderHart D L, Asano A, Gilman J W. Solid-state NMR investigation of paramagnetic nylon-6 clay nanocomposites. 1. Crystallinity, morphology, and the direct influence of Fe3+ on nuclear spins. Chem Mater, 2001, 13: 3781–3795
VanderHart D L, Asano A, Gilman J W. Solid-state NMR investigation of paramagnetic nylon-6 clay nanocomposites. 2. Measurement of clay dispersion, crystal stratification, and stability of organic modifiers. Chem Mater, 2001, 13: 3796–3809
Jeschke G, Panek G, Schleidt S, et al. Addressing the interface in polymerclay nanocomposites by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy on surfactant probes. Polym Eng Sci, 2004, 44: 1112–1121
Loo L S, Gleason K K. Fourier transform infrared investigation of the deformation behavior of montmorillonite in nylon-6/nanoclay nanocomposite. Macromolecules, 2003, 36: 2587–2590
Maupin P H, Gilman J W, Harris R H, et al. Optical probes for monitoring intercalation and exfoliation in melt-processed polymer nanocomposites. Macromol Rapid Commun, 2004, 25: 788–792
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Rights and permissions
This article is published under an open access license. Please check the 'Copyright Information' section either on this page or in the PDF for details of this license and what re-use is permitted. If your intended use exceeds what is permitted by the license or if you are unable to locate the licence and re-use information, please contact the Rights and Permissions team.
About this article
Cite this article
Han, W., Yu, Y., Li, N. et al. Application and safety assessment for nano-composite materials in food packaging. Chin. Sci. Bull. 56, 1216–1225 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-010-4326-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-010-4326-6