Abstract
The relation between the soil moisture in spring and the rainfall in summer in eastern China is investigated. Results show that the summer rainfall in eastern China is closely related to the spring soil moisture in the area from North China to the lower reaches of Yangtze River (NCYR). When spring soil moisture anomalies over NCYR are positive, the summer precipitation exhibits positive anomalies in Northeast China and the lower reaches of Yangtze River, and negative anomalies in southern China and North China. The higher soil moisture over NCYR cools land surface and reduces the land-sea temperature gradient, which weakens East Asian summer monsoon. The western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) is located to the south and shifts westward, resulting in more rainfall in the lower reaches of Yangtze River and less in southern China and North China.
References
Walker J, Rowntree P R. The effect of soil moisture on circulation and rainfall in a tropical model. Quart J Roy Meteorol Soc, 1977, 103: 29–46
Yeh T C, Wetherald R T, Manabe S. The effect of soil moisture on the short-term climate and hydrology change—A numerical experiment. Mon Wea Rev, 1984, 112: 474–490
Delworth T L, Manabe S. The influence of potential evaporation on the variabilities of simulated soil wetness and climate. J Clim, 1988, 1: 523–547
Entin J, Robock A, Vinnikov K Y, et al. Temporal and spatial scales of observed soil moisture variations in the extratropics. J Geophys Res, 2000, 105: 11865–11877
Robock A, Vinnikov K Y, Srinivasan J K, et al. The global soil moisture data bank. Bull Amer Meteor Soc, 2000, 81: 1281–1299
Shukla J, Mintz Y. The influence of land-surface evaporation precipitation on earth’s climate. Science, 1982, 215: 1498–1501
You X T, Xiong T N, Yasunari T, et al. The impact of the ground wetness anomalies in spring on the climate of following months. Chin J Atmos Sci (in Chinese), 2000, 24(5): 660–668
Wang W Q. Numerical experiments of the soil temperature and moisture anomalies effects on the short term climate. Chin J Atmos Sci (in Chinese), 1991, 15(5): 115–123
Meehl, G D. Influence of the land surface in the Asian summer monsoon: External conditions versus internal feedback. J Clim, 1994, 7: 1033–1049
Douville H, Chauvin F, Broqua H. Influence of soil moisture on the Asian and African monsoons. Part I: Mean monsoon and daily precipitation. J Clim, 2001, 14: 2381–2403
Douville H. Influence of soil moisture on the Asian and African monsoons. Part II: Interannual variability. J Clim, 2002, 15: 701–720
Serafini Y V. The time scale of land surface hydrology in response to initial soil moisture anomalies: a case study. Tellus, 1990, 42A: 390–400
Thiaw W M, Mo K C. Impact of sea surface temperature and soil moisture on seasonal rainfall predication over the Sahel. J Clim, 2005, 18: 5330–5343
Zhang J Y, Dong W J, Yeh D Z, et al. New evidence for effects of land covers on summer climate. Chin Sci Bull, 2003, 48(4): 401–405
Zhai P, Eskridge R E. Atmospheric water vapor over China. J Clim, 1997, 10: 2643–2652
Zhang X Z, Wu X Y, He J H. Vertical character of soil moisture in China. Acta Meteor Sinica (in Chinese), 2004, 62(1): 51–61
Sun C H, Li W J, Zhang Z C, et al. Distribution and variation features of soil humidity anomaly in Huaihe River basin and its relationship with climate anomaly. J Appl Meteor Sci (in Chinese), 2005, 16(2): 129–138
Li H, Robock A, Liu S, et al. Evaluation of reanalysis soil moisture simulations using updated Chinese soil moisture observations. J Hydrometeor, 2005, 6: 180–193
Ding Y H. Monsoons Over China. London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994. 419
Yang S, Lau K M. Influence of sea surface temperature and ground wetness on Asian summer monsoon. J Clim, 1998, 11: 3230–3246
Zhang R H, Liu J M. Effect of the ocean and land process on the climate change in China. In: Qin D, Chen Y, Li X, eds. Evolution of Climate and Environment in China (in Chinese). Beijing: Science Press, 2005. 319–357
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported by the National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences (Grant No. 2004CB418302) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40225012)
About this article
Cite this article
Zuo, Z., Zhang, R. The spring soil moisture and the summer rainfall in eastern China. Chin. Sci. Bull. 52, 3310–3312 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-007-0442-3
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-007-0442-3