Abstract
In this paper, a sample including 68 blazars (18 BL Lacs and 50 FSRQs) with known Doppler factors and superluminal velocity from our previous papers is presented. Both the Lorentz factors (Γ) and viewing angles (θ) are estimated for the 68 sources. The relationship between BL Lacs and FSRQs is also revisited using the two variables of gG and θ. The Lorenz factors are in the range of 2.33 to 64.07. The viewing angles are in the range of 0.04 to 24.56. The averaged value of the viewing angle for BL Lacs is slightly larger than that for FSRQs, while the averaged value of the Lorentz factor for BL Lacs is smaller than that for FSRQs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aller M F, Aller H D, Hughes P A. Radio band observations of blazar variability. J Astrophys Astron, 2011, 32: 5–11
Fan J H. Optical variability of blazars. Chin J Astron Astrophys, 2005, 5(Suppl): 213–223
Fan J H. The basic parameters of γ-ray-loud blazars. Astron Astrophys, 2005, 436: 799–804
Fan J H, Huang Y, Yuan Y H, et al. Brightness temperature for 166 radio sources. Res Astron Astrophys, 2009, 9: 751–760
Fan J H, Liu Y, Li Y, et al. Variability of blazars. J Astrophys Astron, 2011, 32: 67–71
Gupta A C. UV and X-ray variability of blazars. J Astrophys Astron, 2011, 32: 155–161
Wang J M. Multiwavelength Variability of Blazars. Guangzhou: Guangzhou University, 2010. 22–24
Wu X B, Liu F K, Kong M Z, et al. Estimating black hole masses of blazars. J Astrophys Astron, 2011, 32: 209–215
Xie G Z, Zhou S B, Li K H, et al. CCD photometric studies of rapid variability in eight blazars. Mon Not R Astron Soc, 2004, 348: 831–845
Yang J H, Fan J H, Yang R S. The line emissions and polarization in blazars. Sci China-Phys Mech Astron, 2010, 53(6): 1162–1168
Yang J H, FAN J H. The central black hole masses for the γ-ray loud blazars. Sci China-Phys Mech Astron, 2010, 53(10): 1921–1927
Zhang Y W, Fan J H. Statistics of superluminal motion in active galactic nuclei. Chin J Astron Astrophys, 2008, 8: 385–394
Zhang H J, Zhao G, Zhang X, et al. Long-term optical spectra variability of BL Lacertae object S5 0716+714. J Astrophys Astron, 2011, 32: 131–135
Fan J H, Yang J H, Pan J, et al. The relationship between radio core dominance parameter and spectral index in different classes of extragalactic radio source. Res Astron Astrophys, 2011, 11: 1413–1428
Ghisellini G, Padovani P, Celotti A, et al. Relativistic bulk motion in active galactic nuclei. Astrophys J, 1993, 407: 65–82
Urry C M, Padovani P, Stickel M. Fanaroff-Riley I galaxies as the parent populations of BL Lacertae objects. III—Radio constraints. Astrophys J, 1991, 382: 501–507
Padovani P, Urry C M. Luminosity functions, relativistic beaming, and unified theories of high-luminosity radio sources. Astrophys J, 1992, 387: 449–457
Jiang D R, Cao X W, Hong X Y. The inhomogeneous jet parameters in active galactic nuclei. Astrophys J, 1998, 494: 139–149
Xie G Z, Zhang Y H, Fan J H, et al. The relation between BL Lacertae objects and OVV quasars, and the unified model of BL Lacertae objects, FR-I and FR-II (G) radio galaxies. Astron Astrophys, 1993, 278: 6–10
Fan J H, Okudaira A, Lin R G, et al. The unified scheme of BL Lac Objects and the k-band Hubble diagram. Astrophys Space Sci, 1997, 253: 275–284
Owen F N, Ledlow M J, Keel W C. Optical spectroscopy of radio galaxies in Abell clusters II. BL d Lacs and FR I unification. Astron J, 1996, 111: 53–63
Paolo P, Megan U C. Fanaroff-Riley I galaxies as the parent population of BL Lacertae objects. II—Optical constraints. Astrophys J, 1991, 368: 373–379
Xu Y D, Cao X W, Wu Q W. On the BL Lacertae objects/radio quasars and the FR I/II dichotomy. Astrophys J, 2009, 694: 107–110
Yang R S, Yang J H, Wang Y X. Relationship among FR-I, FR-II(Q) and FR-II(G) Radio Galaxies. J Astrophys Astron, 2011, 32: 307–308
Owen F N, Laing R A. CCD surface photometry of radio galaxies. I —FR class I and II sources. Mon Not R Astron Soc, 1989, 238: 357–378
Ishwara-Chandra C H, Saikia D J. Giant radio sources. Mon Not Roy Astron Soc, 1999, 309: 100–112
Chiaberge M, Capetti A, Celotti A. The HST view of FR I radio galaxies: Evidence for non-thermal nuclear sources. Astron Astrophys, 1999, 349: 77–87
Ghisellini G, Celotti A. The dividing line between FR I and FR II radio-galaxies. Astron Astrophys, 2001, 379: 1–4
Wu Q W, Cao X W. Jet power extracted from ADAF and the applications to X-Ray binaries and the radio galaxy FR dichotomy. Astrophys J, 2008, 687: 156–161
Rawlings S, Saunders R. Evidence for a common central-engine mechanism in all extragalactic radio sources. Nature, 1991, 349: 138–140
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, J., Fan, J. & Yuan, Y. Lorentz factor estimation for radio sources. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 55, 1510–1514 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-011-4807-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-011-4807-x