Abstract
Following recent rapid developments in tunnel engineering in China, the heavy structural maintenance work of the future is likely to pose a great challenge. Newly developed vibration-based health assessment and monitoring methods offer good prospects for large-scale structural monitoring, hidden surface detection and disease pre-judgment. However, because the dynamic properties of tunnels are sensitive to the coupling and damping effects of the surrounding soil, there is little relevant research on tunnel structures. Using the PiP (pipe in pipe) model, the intrinsic tunnel modes and their response characteristics are investigated in this paper, and the degree to which the identification of these characteristics is influenced by mode superposition and the soil coupling effect are also considered. The response features of these flexible wave modes are found to be barely recognizable in a tunnel-soil coupled system, while the phase velocity of the torsional wave can be determined by combining phase spectrum analysis and the HHT (Hilbert-Huang transformation) method. A new structural health assessment method based on the torsional wave speed is therefore proposed. In this method, the torsional wave speed is used to determine the tunnel structure’s global stiffness based on a newly developed dispersion algorithm. The calculated stiffness is then used to evaluate the tunnel’s structural service status. A field test was also carried out at a newly built tunnel to validate the proposed method; the tunnel structure’s Young’s modulus was obtained and was very close to the designed value. This indicates that this method is an effective way to assess tunnel service conditions, and also provides a theoretical basis for future applications to health assessment of shield tunnels.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Li J P, Wang R L, Yan J Y. Research on structural status of operating tunnel of metro in Shanghai and treatment ideas. In: Proceeding of the 6th International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, 2008. 315–320
Asakuraa T, Kojima Y. Tunnel maintenance in Japan. Tunn Undergr Sp Tech, 2003, 18: 161–169
Xie X Y, Li P, Qin H, et al. GPR identification of voids inside concrete based on the support vector machine algorithm. J Geophys Eng, 2013, 10: 42–52
Lin M W, Abatan A O, Zhou Y. Transverse shear response monitoring of concrete cylinder using embedded high-sensitivity ETDR sen sor. In: Liu S C, ed. Smart Structures and Materials 2000: Smart Systems for Bridges, Structures, and Highways, Proceedings of SPIE, 2000. 368–378
Galvagni A, Cawley P. The reflection of guided waves from simple supports in pipes. J Acoust Soc AM, 2011, 129: 1869–1880
Huthwaite P, Ribichini R, Cawley P, et al. Mode selection for corrosion detection in pipes and vessels via guided wave tomography. IEEE T Ultrason Ferr, 2013, 60: 1165–1177
Wang J D, Zhou D, Liu W Q. Study on coupled vibration characteristics of a cylindrical container with multiple elastic annular baffles. Sci China Tech Sci, 2012, 55: 3292–3301
Li A Q, Ding Y L, Wang H, et al. Analysis and assessment of bridge health monitoring mass data-progress in research/development of “Structural Health Monitoring”. Sci China Tech Sci, 2012, 55: 2212–2224
Carden E P, Fanning P. Vibration-based condition monitoring: A review. Struct Health Monit, 2004, 3: 355–377
Bhalla S, Yang Y W, Zhao J, et al. Structural health monitoring of underground facilities-Technological issues and challenges. Tunn Undergr Sp Tech, 2005, 20: 487–500
Zhou B, Xie X Y, Yang Y B, et al. A novel vibration-based structure health monitoring approach for the shallow buried tunnel. CMES-Comp Model Eng, 2012, 86: 321–348
Liu W F, Liu W N, Gupta S, et al. A coupled periodic finite element-boundary element model for prediction of vibrations induced by metro traffic (in Chinese). J Vib Eng, 2009, 22: 480–485
Hwang R N, Lysmer J. Response of buried structures to traveling waves. J Geotech Eng, 1981, 107: 183–200
Clouteau D, Elhabre M L, Aubry D. Periodic BEM and FEM-BEM coupling-Application to seismic behaviour of very long structures. Comput Mech, 2000, 25: 567–577
Yang Y B, Hung H H. A 2.5D finite/infinite element approach for modelling visco-elastic bodies subjected to moving loads. Int J Numer Meth Eng, 2001, 51: 1317–1336
Gupta S, Degrande G, Lombaert G. Experimental validation of a numerical model for subway induced vibrations. J Sound Vib, 2009, 321: 786–812
Forrest J A, Hunt H E M. A three-dimensional model for calculation of train-induced ground vibration. J Sound Vib, 2006, 294: 678–705
Forrest J A, Hunt H E M. Ground vibration generated by trains in underground tunnels. J Sound Vib, 2006, 294 (4–5): 706–736
Hussein M F M, Hunt H E M. A numerical model for calculating vibration from a railway tunnel embedded in a full-space. J Sound Vib, 2007, 305: 401–431
Gupta S, Hussein M F M, Degrande G, et al. A comparison of two numerical models for the prediction of vibrations from underground railway traffic. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng, 2007, 27: 608–624
Huang N E, Shen Z, Long S R, et al. The empirical modal decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis, Proc R Soc Lond A, 1971, 454: 903–995
Flandrin P, Rilling G, Goncalves P. Empirical mode decomposition as a filter bank. IEEE Signal Proc Let, 2004, 11: 112–114
Bao C X, Hao H, Li Z X. Time-varying system identification using a newly improved HHT algorithm. Comput Struct, 2009, 87: 1611–1623
Flügge W. Stresses in Shells. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 1973
Zhou W J, Ichchou M N, Bareille O. Finite element techniques for calculations of wave modes in one-dimensional structural waveguides. Struct Contrlo Hlth, 2011, 18: 737–751
Sheng X, Jones C J C, Thompson D J. A theoretical study on the influence of the track on train-induced ground vibration. J Sound Vib, 2004, 272: 909–936
AL-Hunaldi M O. Insights on the SASW nondestructive testing method. Can J Civil Eng, 1993, 20: 940–950
Rilling G, Flandrin P, Goncalves P. On empirical modal decomposition and its algorithms. In: IEEE-EURASIP workshop on nonlinear signal and image processing NSIP-03, Grado (I), 2003
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhou, B., Xie, X. & Li, Y. A structural health assessment method for shield tunnels based on torsional wave speed. Sci. China Technol. Sci. 57, 1109–1120 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-014-5554-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-014-5554-9