Abstract
Based on numerical simulation, this study explored the characteristics and interactions of surface sensible heating and atmospheric latent heating over the main part of the Tibetan Plateau, i.e., terrain at elevations >2 km in summer. The impacts of these two types of heating on local vertical motion and monsoonal meridional circulation were compared. Theoretical analysis and numerical experimentation demonstrated that by changing the configuration of the upper-tropospheric air temperature and circulation, the two types of heating could generate both minimum absolute vorticity and abnormal potential vorticity forcing near the tropopause, enhance the meridional circulation of the Asian summer monsoon, and produce an eastward- propagating Rossby wave train within the mid-latitude westerly flow. Consequently, the manifestations of these features were shown to influence the circulation of the Northern Hemisphere.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bougeault P, Lacarrere P. 1989. Parameterization of orography-induced turbulence in a mesobeta-scale model. Mon Wea Rev, 117: 1872–1890
Chang C P. 2004. East Asian Monsoon. Newsesy: World Scientific. 564
Chen F, Dudhia J. 2001. Coupling an advanced land-surface hydrology model with the Penn Statr-NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model implementation and sensitivity. Mon Wea Rev, 129: 569–585
Chou M D, Suarez M J. 1999. A shortwave radiation parameterization for atmospheric studies. NASA Tech Memo, 15: 40
Grell G, Devenyi D. 2002. A generalized approach to parameterizing convection combining ensemble and data assimilation techniques. Geophys Res Lett, 29: 31–38
He B, Wu G X, Liu Y M, Bao Q. 2015. Astronomical and hydrological perspective of mountain impacts on the asian summer monsoon. Sci Rep, 5: 17586, doi: 10.1038/srep17586
Held I M, Hou A Y. 1980. Nonlinear axially symmetric circulations in a nearly inviscid atmosphere. J Atmos Sci, 37: 515–533
Hong S Y, Lim J. 2006. The WRF Single-Moment 6-Class microphysics scheme (WSM6). J Korean Meteorol, 42: 129–151
Kim E J, Hong S Y. 2010. Impact of air-sea interaction on East Asian summer monsoon climate in WRF. J Geophys Res, 115: D19118
Liu J, Wang Y, Wang A, Wang Y, Wang A, Hideaki O, Abbott R J. 2006. Radiation and diversification within the Ligularia-Cremanthodium-Parasenecio complex (Asteraceae) triggered by uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 38: 31–49
Luo H, Yanai M. 1984. The large-scale circulation and heat sources over the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas during the early summer of 1979. Part II: Heat and moisture budgets. Mon Wea Rev, 112: 966–989
Mlawer E J, Taubman S J, Brown P D. 1997. Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM a validated correlated-k model for the long wave. J Geophys Res, 102: 16663–16682
Plumb R A, Hou A Y. 1992. The response of a zonally symmetric atmosphere to subtropical thermal forcing: Threshold behavior. J Atmos Sci, 49: 1790–1799
Reynolds R W, Smith T M, Liu C, Liu C, Chelton D B, Casey K S, Schlax M G. 2007. Daily high-resolution-blended analyses for sea surface temperature. J Clim, 20: 5473–5496
Schneider E K, Lindzen R S. 1977. Axially symmetric steady-state models of the basic state for instability and climate studies. Part I: Linearized calculations. J Atmos Sci, 34: 263–279
Schneider E K. 1977. Axially symmetric steady-state models of the basic state for instability and climate studies. Part II. Nonlinear calculations. J Atmos Sci, 34: 280–296
Schneider E K. 1987. A simplified model of the modified Hadley circulation. J Atmos Sci, 44: 3311–3328
Skamarock W C, Klemp J B, Dudhia J, Gill D O, Barker D M, Duda M G, Huang X Y, Wang W, Powers J G. 2008. A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3. NCAR Technical Note NCAR/TN-475+STR
Smith E, Shi L. 1992. Surface forcing of the infrared cooling profile over the Tibetan plateau. Part I: Influence of relative longwave radiative heating at high altitude. J Atmos Sci, 49: 805–822
Wang B. 2006. The Asian Monsoon. New York: Springer/Praxis Publishing. 787
Wang Z Q, Duan A M, Wu G X. 2014. Impacts of boundary layer parameterization schemes and air-sea coupling on WRF simulation of the East Asian summer monsoon. Sci China Earth Sci, 57: 1480–1493
Wang Z Q, Duan A M, Wu G X. 2014. Time-lagged impact of spring sensible heat over the Tibetan Plateau on the summer rainfall anomaly in East China: Case studies using the WRF model. Clim Dyn, 42: 2885–2898
Wu G X, Liu Y M. 2000. Thermal adaptation, over flow, dispersion and subtropical anticyclone. I. Thermal adatation and over flow (in Chinese). Chin J Atmos Sci, 24: 433–446
Wu G X, Duan A M, Liu Y M, Mao J Y, Ren R C, Bao Q, He B, Liu B, Hu W T. 2015a. Recent progress in the study of Tibetan Plateau climate dynamics. National Sci Rev, 2: 100–116
Wu G X, He B, Liu Y M, Bao Q, Ren R C. 2015b. Location and variation of the summertime upper troposphere temperature maximum over South Asia. Clim Dyn, 45: 1–18
Wu G X, Li W P, Guo H, Liu H, Xue J X, Wang Z Z. 1997. The sensible heat driven air-pump of the Tibetan Plateau and the Asian summer monsoon. Collection for the Memory of Zhao Jiuzhang (in Chinese). Beijing: Science Press
Wu G X, Liu Y M, He B, Bao Q, Duan A, Jin F. 2012. Thermal controls on the Asian Summer Monsoon. Sci Rep, 2: 404
Wu G, Liu Y, Wang T, Liu X, LI W, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Duan, A, Liang X. 2007. The influence of the mechanical and thermal forcing of the Tibetan Plateau on the Asian climate. J Hydrometeorl, 8: 770–789
Xu X, Lu C, Shi X, Ding Y. 2010. Large-scale topography of China: A factor for the seasonal progression of the Meiyu rainband. J Geophys Res, 115: D02110
Xu X, Lu C, Shi X, Gao S. 2008a. World water tower: An atmospheric perspective. Geophys Res Lett, 35: L20815
Xu X, Shi X, Wang Y, Shi X. 2008b. Data analysis and numerical simulation of moisture source and transport associated with summer precipitation in the Yangtze River Valley over China. Meteorol Atmos Phys, 100: 217–231
Yanai M, Li C, Song Z. 1992. Seasonal heating of the Tibetan Plateau and its effects on the evolution of the Asian summer monsoon. J Meteor Soc Japan, 70: 319–351
Yanai M, Wu G. 2006. Effects of the Tibetan Plateau. Asian Monsoon, 29: 513–549
Yang H W, Wang B, Wang B. 2012. Reduction of systematic biases in regional climate downscaling through ensemble forcing. Clim Dyn, 25: 155–170
Ye D Z and Gao Y X, 1979. Tibetan Plateau Meteorology (in Chinese). Beijing: Science Press
Zhao P, Chen L X. 2001. Interannual variability of atmospheric heat source/sink over the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau and its relation to circulation. Adv Atmos Sci, 18: 106–116
Zhou X J, Zhao P, Chen J M, Chen L X, Li W P. 2009. The impact of the thermal forcing of the Tibetan Plateau on the climate of the northern hemisphere. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci, 52: 1679–1693
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, G., Zhuo, H., Wang, Z. et al. Two types of summertime heating over the Asian large-scale orography and excitation of potential-vorticity forcing I. Over Tibetan Plateau. Sci. China Earth Sci. 59, 1996–2008 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-016-5328-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-016-5328-2