Abstract
The homologues temperature of a crystalline material is defined as T/T m , where T is temperature and T m is the melting (solidus) temperature in Kelvin. It has been widely used to compare the creep strength of crystalline materials. The melting temperature of olivine system, (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, decreases with increasing iron content and water content, and increases with confining pressure. At high pressure, phase transition will lead to a sharp change in the melting curve of olivine. After calibrating previous melting experiments on fayalite (Fe2SiO4), the triple point of fayalite-Fe2SiO4 spinel-liquid is determined to be at 6.4 GPa and 1793 K. Using the generalized means, the solidus and liquidus of dry olivine are described as a function of iron content and pressure up to 6.4 GPa. The change of T/T m of olivine with depth allows us to compare the strength of the upper mantle with different thermal states and olivine composition. The transition from semi-brittle to ductile deformation in the upper mantle occurs at a depth where T/T m of olivine equals 0.5. The lithospheric mantle beneath cratons shows much smaller T/T m of olivine than orogens and extensional basins until the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary where T/T m > 0.66, suggesting a stronger lithosphere beneath cratons. In addition, T/T m is used to analyze deformation experiments on olivine. The results indicate that the effect of water on fabric transitions in olivine is closely related with pressure. The hydrogen-weakening effect and its relationship with T/T m of olivine need further investigation. Below 6.4 GPa (<200 km), T/T m of olivine controls the transition of dislocation glide from [100] slip to [001] slip. Under the strain rate of 10-12–10-15 s-1 and low stress in the upper mantle, the [100](010) slip system (A-type fabric) becomes dominant when T/T m > 0.55–0.60. When T/T m < 0.55–0.60, [001] slip is easier and low T/T m favors the operation of [001](100) slip system (C-type fabric). This is consistent with the widely observed A-type olivine fabric in naturally deformed peridotites, and the C-type olivine fabric in peridotites that experienced deep subduction in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terranes. However, the B-type fabric will develop under high stress and relatively low T/T m . Therefore, the homologues temperature of olivine established a bridge to extrapolate deformation experiments to rheology of the upper mantle. Seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle beneath cratons should be simulated using a four-layer model with the relic A-type fabric in the upper lithospheric mantle, the B-type fabric in the middle layer, the newly formed A- or B-type fabric near the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, and the asthenosphere dominated by diffusion creep below the Lehmann discontinuity. Knowledge about transition mechanisms of olivine fabrics is critical for tracing the water distribution and mantle flow from seismic anisotropy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akaogi M, Ito E, Navrotsky A. 1989. Olivine-modified spinel-spinel transitions in the system Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4: Calorimetric measurements, thermochemical calculation, and geophysical application. J Geophys Res, 94: 15671–15685
Akimoto S I, Komada E, Kushiro I. 1967. Effect of pressure on the melting of olivine and spinel polymorph of Fe2SiO4. J Geophys Res, 72: 679–686
Arndt N T. 2013. The formation and evolution of the continental crust. Geochem Perspectives, 2: 405–533
Ashby M F, Verrall R A. 1977. Micromechanisms of flow and fracture, and their relevance to the rheology of the upper mantle. Philos Trans R Soc A-Math Phys Eng Sci, 288: 59–95
Aubaud C, Hauri E H, Hirschmann M M. 2004. Hydrogen partition coefficients between nominally anhydrous minerals and basaltic melts. Geophys Res Lett, 31: L20611, doi: 10.1029/2004GL021341
Bai Q, Mackwell S J, Kohlstedt D L. 1991. High-temperature creep of olivine single crystals, 1. Mechanical results for buffered samples. J Geophys Res, 96: 2441–2460
Bell D R, Iginger P D, Rossman G R. 1995. Quantitative analysis of trace OH in garnet and pyroxene. Am Miner, 80: 465–474
Bell D R, Rossman G R, Maldener J, Endisch D, Rauch F. 2003. Hydroxide in olivine: A quantitative determination of the absolute amount and calibration of the IR spectrum. J Geophys Res, 108: 2105, doi: 10.1029/2001JB000679
Bell D R, Rossman G R. 1992. Water in Earth’s mantle: The role of nominally anhydrous minerals. Science, 255: 1391–1397
Ben Ismaïl W, Barrol G, Mainprice D. 2001. The Kaapvaal craton seismic anisotropy: Petrological analyses of upper mantle kimberlite nodules. Geophys Res Lett, 28: 2497–2500
Ben Ismaïl W, Mainprice D. 1998. An olivine fabric database: An overview of upper mantle fabrics and seismic anisotropy. Tectonophysics, 269: 145–157
Borch R S, Green H W. 1987. Dependence of creep in olivine on homologous temperature and its implications for flow in the mantle. Nature, 330: 345–348
Boudier F, Nicolas A. 1995. Nature of the Moho transition zone in the Oman ophiolite. J Petrol, 36: 777–796
Bowen N L, Schairer J F. 1935. The system MgO-FeO-SiO2. Am J Sci, 29: 151–217
Bürgmann R, Dresen G. 2008. Rheology of the lower crust and upper mantle: Evidence from rock mechanics, geodesy, and field observations. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci, 36: 531–567
Bystricky M, Kunze K, Burlini L, Burg J P. 2000. High shear strain of olivine aggregates: Rheological and seismic consequences. Science, 290: 1564–1567
Carter N L, Avé Lallemant H G. 1970. High temperature flow of dunite and peridotite. Geol Soc Am Bull, 81: 2181–2202
Christensen N I. 1984. The magnitude, symmetry and origin of upper mantle anisotropy based on fabric analysis of ultramafic tectonites. Geophys J Royal Astron Soc, 76: 89–111
Clos F, Gilio M, van Roermund H L M. 2014. Fragments of deeper parts of the hanging wall mantle preserved as orogenic peridotites in the central belt of the Seve Nappe Complex, Sweden. Lithos, 192-195: 8–20
Cordier P, Rubie D C. 2001. Plastic deformation of minerals under extreme pressure using a multi-anvil apparatus. Mater Sci Eng A-Struct Mater Prop Microstruct Process, 309: 38–43
Couvy H, Frost D J, Heidelbach F, Nyilas K, Ungar T, Mackwell S, Cordier P. 2004. Shear deformation experiments of forsterite at 11 GPa-1400°C in the multianvil apparatus. Eur J Mineral, 16: 877–889
Davis B T C, England J L. 1964. The melting of forsterite up to 50 kilobars. J Geophys Res, 69: 1113–1116
Deuss A, Woodhouse J H. 2004. The nature of the Lehmann discontinuity from its seismological Clapeyron slopes. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 225: 295–304
Durinck J, Legris A, Cordier P. 2005. Pressure sensitivity of olivine slip systems: First-principle calculations of generalized stacking faults. Phys Chem Miner, 32: 646–654
Eaton D W, Darbyshire F, Evans R L, Grütter H, Jones A G, Yuan X H. 2009. The elusive lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) beneath cratons. Lithos, 109: 1–22
Elkins-Tanton L T, Hess P C, Parmentier E M. 2005. Possible formation of ancient crust on Mars through magma ocean processes. J Geophys Res, 110: E12, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002480
Evans B, Goetze C. 1979. The temperature variation of hardness of olivine and its implication for polycrystalline yield stress. J Geophys Res, 84: 5505–5524
Fei H, Wiedenbeck M, Yamazaki D, Katsura T. 2013. Small effect of water on upper-mantle rheology based on silicon self-diffusion coefficients. Nature, 498: 213–215
Frese K, Trommsdorf V, Kunze K. 2003. Olivine [100] normal to foliation: Lattice preferred orientation in prograde garnet peridotite formed at high H2O activity, Cima di Gagnone (Centre Apls). Contrib Mineral Petrol, 145: 73–86
Gao S, Zhang J F, Xu W L, Liu Y S. 2009. Delamination and destruction of the North China Craton. Chin Sci Bull, 54: 3367–3378
Green D H, Hibberson W O, Rosenthal A, Kovaca I, Yaxley G M, Falloon T J, Brink F. 2014. Experimental study of the influence of water on melting and phase assemblages in the upper mantle. J Petrol, 55: 2067–2096
Green H W, Houston H. 1995. The mechanics of deep earthquakes. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci, 23: 169–213
Griffin W L, Belousova E A, O’Neill C, O’Reilly S Y, Malkovets V, Pearson N J, Spetsius S, Wilde S A. 2014. The world turns over: Hadean- Archean crust-mantle evolution. Lithos, 189: 2–15
Griffin W L, O’Reilly S Y, Abe N, Aulbach S, Davies R M, Pearson N J, Doyle B J, Kivi K. 2003. The origin and evolution of Archean lithospheric mantle. Precambrian Res, 127: 19–41
Grimm R E. 2013. Geophysical constraints on the lunar Procellarum KREEP Terrane. J Geophys Res Planets, 118: 768–777
Hansen L N, Zimmerman M E, Kohlstedt D L. 2011. Grain boundary sliding in San Carlos olivine: Flow law parameters and crystallographicpreferred orientation. J Geophys Res, 116: B08201. doi: 10.1029/2011JB008220
Hirschmann M M, Tenner T, Aubaud C, Withers A C. 2009. Dehydration melting of nominally anhydrous mantle: The primacy of partitioning. Phys Earth Planet Int, 176: 54–68
Hirschmann M M. 2000. Mantle solidus: Experimental constraints and the effects of peridotite composition. Geochem Geophys Geosyst, 1: 1042–1067, doi: 10.1029/2000GC000070
Hirschmann M M. 2006. Water, melting, and the deep Earth H2O cycle. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci, 34: 62–653
Hirth G, Kohlstedt D L. 2003. Rheology of the upper mantle and the mantle wedge: A view from the experimentalists. In: Eiler J E, ed. Inside the Subduction Factory. Washington DC: American Geophysical Union. 83–105
Hirth G, Kohlstedt D L. 1996. Water in the oceanic upper mantle: Implications for rheology, melt extraction and the evolution of the lithosphere. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 144: 93–108
Holtzman B K, Kohlstedt D L, Zimmerman M E, Heidelbach F, Hiraga T, Hustoft J. 2003. Melt segregation and strain partitioning: Implications for seismic anisotropy and mantle flow. Science, 301: 1227–1230
Hsu L C. 1967. Melting of fayalite up to 40 kilobars. J Geophys Res, 72: 4235–4244
Jaupart C, Mareschal J C. 1999. The thermal structure and thickness of continental roots. Lithos, 48: 93–114
Jin D, Karato S, Obata M. 1998. Mechanisms of shear localization in the continental lithosphere: Inference from the deformation microstructures of peridotites from the Ivrea zone, northern Italy. J Struct Geol, 20: 195–209
Jin Z M, Green II H W, Borch R S. 1989. Microstructures of olivine and stresses in the upper mantle beneath Eastern China. Tectonophysics, 169: 23–50
Jung H, Karato S. 2001. Water-induced fabric transitions in olivine. Science, 293: 1460–1463
Jung H, Katayama I, Jiang Z, Hiraga T, Karato S. 2006. Effect of water and stress on the lattice-preferred orientation of olivine. Tectonophysics, 421: 1–22
Jung H, Lee J, Ko B, Jung S, Park M, Cao Y, Song S, 2013. Natural type-C olivine fabrics in garnet peridotites in North Qaidam UHP collision belt, NW China. Tectonophysics, 594: 91–102
Jung H, Mo W, Green H W. 2009. Upper mantle seismic anisotropy resulting from pressure-induced slip transition in olivine. Nature Geosci, 2: 73–77
Kameyama M, Yuan D A, Karato S. 1999. Thermal-mechanical effects of low-temperature plasticity (the Peierls mechanism) on the deformation of a viscoelastic shear zone. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 168: 159–172
Karato S, Jung H, Katayama I, Skemer P. 2008. Geodynamic significance of seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle: New insights from laboratory studies. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci, 36: 59–95
Karato S, Jung H. 2003. Effects of pressure on high-temperature dislocation creep in olivine polycrystals. Philos Mag A, 83: 401–414
Karato S, Paterson M S, Fitzgerald J D. 1986. Rheology of synthetic olivine aggregates: Influence of grain size and water. J Geophys Res, 91: 8151–8176
Karato S, Rubie D, Yan H. 1993. Dislocation recovery in olivine under deep upper mantle conditions: Implications for creep and diffusion. J Geophys Res, 98: 9761–9768
Karato S, Toriumi M, Fujii T. 1980. Dynamic recrystallization of olivine single crystals during high temperature creep. Geophys Res Lett, 7: 649–652
Karato S. 1992. On the Lehman discontinuity. Geophys Res Lett, 19: 2255–2258
Katayama I, Jung H, Karato S. 2004. New type of olivine fabric at modest water content and low stress. Geology, 32: 1045–1048
Katayama I, Karato S, Brandon M. 2005. Evidence of high water content in the deep upper mantle inferred from deformation microstructures. Geology, 33: 613–616
Katayama I, Karato S. 2006. Effect of temperature on the B- to C-type olivine fabric transition and implication for flow pattern in subduction zones. Phys Earth Planet Inter, 157: 33–45
Katsura T, Ito E. 1989. The system Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4 at high pressures and temperatures: Precise determination of stabilities of olivine, modified spinel, and spinel. J Geophys Res, 94: 15663–15670
Katsura T, Yamada H, Nishikawa O, Song M, Kubo A, Shinmei T, Yokoshi S, Aizawa Y, Yoshino T, Walter M J, Ito E, Funakoshi K. 2004. Olivine-wadsleyite transition in the system (Mg,Fe)2SiO4. J Geophys Res, 109: B02209, doi: 10.1029/2003JB002438
Kawazoe T, Karato S, Otsuka K, Jing Z, Mookherjee M. 2009. Shear deformation of dry polycrystalline olivine under deep upper mantle conditions using a rotational Drickamer apparatus (RDA). Phys Earth Planet Inter, 174: 128–137
Khan A, Connolly J A D, Maclennan J, Mosegaard K. 2007. Joint inversion of seismic and gravity data for lunar composition and thermal state. Geophys J Int, 168: 243–258
Koeppen W C, Hamilton V E. 2008. Global distribution, composition, and abundance of olivine on the surface of Mars from thermal infrared data. J Geophys Res, 113: E05001, doi: 10.1029/2007JE002984
Kohlstedt D L, Keppler H, Rubie D C. 1996. Solubility of water in the α, β and γ phases of (Mg,Fe)2SiO4. Contrib Mineral Petrol, 123: 345–357
Kohlstedt D L, Mackwell S J. 1998. Diffusion of hydrogen and intrinsic point defects in olivine. Z Phys Chem, 207: 147–162
Kohlstedt D L. 2006. The role of water in high-temperature rock deformation. Rev Mineral Geochem, 62: 377–396
Kojitani H, Akaogi M. 1997. Melting enthalpies of mantle peridotite: Calorimetric determinations in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 and application to magma generation. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 153: 209–222
Korenaga J, Karato S. 2008. A new analysis of experimental data on olivine rheology. J Geophys Res, 113: B02403, doi: 10.1029/2007JB005100
Lee J, Jung H. 2015. Lattice-preferred orientation of olivine found in diamond- bearing garnet peridotites in Finsch, South Africa and implications for seismic anisotropy. J Struct Geol, 70: 12–22
Li L, Raterron P, Weidner D, Chen J. 2003. Olivine flow mechanism at 8 GPa. Phys Earth Planet Inter, 138: 113–129
Li L. 2009. Studies of mineral properties at mantle condition using deformation multi-anvil apparatus. Prog Nat Sci, 19: 1467–1475
Long M D, Becker T W. 2010. Mantle dynamics and seismic anisotropy. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 297: 341–354
Mainprice D, Tommasi A, Couvy H, Cordier P, Frost D J. 2005. Pressure sensitivity of olivine slip systems and seismic anisotropy of Earth’s upper mantle. Nature, 433: 731–733
Mei S, Kohlstedt D L. 2000a. Influence of water on plastic deformation of olivine aggregates 1. Diffusion creep regime. J Geophys Res, 105: 21457–21469
Mei S, Kohlstedt D L. 2000b. Influence of water on plastic deformation of olivine aggregates 2. Dislocation creep regime. J Geophys Res, 105: 21471–21481
Miyazaki T, Sueyoshi K, Hiraga T. 2013. Olivine crystals align during diffusion creep of Earth’s upper mantle. Nature, 502: 321–326
Mizukami T, Wallis S R, Yarnamoto J. 2004. Natural examples of olivine lattice preferred orientation patterns with a flow-normal a-axis maximum. Nature, 427: 432–436
Mosenfelder J L, Deligne N I, Asimow P D, Rossman G. 2006. Hydrogen incorporation in olivine from 2–12 GPa. Am Miner, 91: 285–294
Nicolas A, Boudier F, Boullier A M. 1973. Mechanisms of flow in naturally and experimentally deformed peridotites. Am J Sci, 273: 853–876
O’Reilly S Y, Griffin W L. 2006. Imaging global chemical and thermal heterogeneity in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle with garnets and xenoliths: Geophysical implications. Tectonophysics, 416: 289–319
Ody A, Poulet F, Bibring J P, Loizeau D, Carter J, Gondet B, Langevin Y. 2013. Global investigation of olivine on Mars: Insights into crust and mantle compositions. J Geophys Res Planets, 118: 234–262
Ohtani E, Moriwaki K, Kato T, Onuma K. 1998. Melting and crystal-liquid partitioning in the system Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4 to 25 GPa. Phys Earth Planet Inter, 107: 75–82
Ohtani E. 1979. Melting relation of Fe2SiO4 up to about 200 kbar. J Phys Earth, 27: 189–208
Ohuchi T, Irifune T. 2013. Development of A-type olivine fabric in water- rich deep upper mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 362: 20–30
Ohuchi T, Kawazoe T, Nishihara Y, Nishiyama N, Irifune T. 2011. High pressure and temperature fabric transitions in olivine and variations in upper mantle seismic anisotropy. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 304: 55–63
Ohuchi T, Kawazoe T, Nishiyama N, Nishihara Y, Irifune T. 2010. Technical development of simple shear deformation experiments using a deformation-DIA apparatus. J Earth Sci, 21: 523–531
Ohuchi T, Nishihara Y, Kawazoe T, Spengler D, Shiraishi R, Suzuki A, Kikegawa T, Ohtani E. 2012. Superplasticity in hydrous melt-bearing dunite: Implications for shear localization in Earth’s upper mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 335-336: 59–71
Park J, Levin V. 2002. Seismic anisotropy: Tracing plate dynamics in the mantle. Science, 296: 485–489
Paterson M S. 1982. The determination of hydroxyl by infrared absorption in quartz silicate glasses and similar materials. Bull Mineral, 105: 20–29
Paterson M S, Olgaard D L. 2000. Rock deformation tests to large shear strains in torsion. J Struct Geol, 22: 1341–1358
Paterson M S. 1990. Rock deformation experimentation. In: Duba A G, Durham W B, Handin J W, Wang H F, eds. The Brittle-Ductile Transition in Rocks. Washington DC: AGU. 187–194
Peacock S M. 2003. Thermal structure and metamorphic evolution of subduction slabs. In: Eiler J, ed. Inside the Subduction Factory. Washington DC: AGU Geophysical Monograph. 7–22
Peslier A H, Woodland A B, Bell D R, Lazarov M. 2010. Olivine water contents in the continental lithosphere and the longevity of cratons. Nature, 467: 78–81
Peslier A H. 2010. A review of water contents of nominally anhydrous natural minerals in the mantles of Earth, Mars and the Moon. J Volcanol Geotherm Res, 197: 239–258
Pitzer K S, Sterner S M. 1994. Equations of state valid continuously from zero to extreme pressures for H2O and CO2. J Chem Phys, 101: 3111–3116
Précigout J, Hirth G. 2014. B-type olivine fabric induced by gain boundary sliding. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 395: 231–240
Presnall D C, Walter M J. 1993. Melting of forsterite, Mg2SiO4, from 9.7 to 16.5 GPa. J GeophysRes, 98: 19777–19783
Presnall D C. 1995. Phase diagrams of Earth-forming minerals. In: Thomas J A, ed. Mineral Physics and Crystallography: A Handbook of Physical Constants. Washington DC: AGU Reference Shelf 2. 248–268
Raterron P, Amiguet E, Chen J, Li L, Cordier P. 2009. Experimental deformation of olivine single crystals at mantle pressures and temperatures. Phys Earth Planet Inter, 172: 74–83
Raterron P, Chen J, Li L, Weidner D, Cordier P. 2007. Pressure-induced slip system transition in forsterite: Single-crystal rheological properties at mantle pressure and temperature. Am Miner, 92: 1436–1445
Raterron P, Wu Y, Weidner D J, Chen J. 2004. Low-temperature olivine rheology at high pressure. Phys Earth Planet Inter, 145: 149–159
Savage M K. 1999. Seismic anisotropy and mantle deformation: What have we learned from shear wave splitting? Rev Geophys, 37: 65–106
Sawaguchi T. 2004. Deformation history and exhumation process of the Horoman Peridotite Complex, Hokkaido, Japan. Tectonophysics, 379: 109–126
Skemer P, Katayama I, Karato S. 2006. Deformation fabrics of the Cima di Gagnone peridotite massif, Central Alps, Switzerland: Evidence of deformation at low temperatures in the presence of water. Contrib Mineral Petrol, 152: 43–51
Stixrude L, Lithgow-Bertelloni C. 2007. Influence of phase transformations on lateral heterogeneity and dynamics in Earth’s mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 263: 45–55
Stixrude L. 1997. Structure and sharpness of phase transitions and mantle discontinuities. J Geophys Res, 102: 14835–14852
Tommasi A, Vauchez A, Ionov D A. 2008. Deformation, static recrystallization, and reactive melt transport in shallow subcontinental mantle xenoliths (Tok Cenozoic volcanic field, SE Siberia). Earth Planet Sci Lett, 272: 65–77
van der Wal D, Chopra P N, Drury M, Fitz Gerald J D. 1993. Relationships between dynamically recrystallized grain size and deformation conditions in experimentally deformed olivine rocks. Geophy Res Lett, 20: 1479–1482
Wang Q, Xia Q K, O’Reilly S Y, Griffin G L, Beyer E E, Brueckner H K. 2013b. Pressure- and stress-induced fabric transition in olivine from peridotites in the Western Gneiss Region (Norway): Implications for mantle seismic anisotropy. J Metamorph Geol, 31: 91–111
Wang Q. 2010. A review of water contents and ductile deformation mechanisms of olivine: Implications for the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary of continents. Lithos, 120: 30–41
Wang Y F, Zhang J F, Shi F. 2013a. The origin and geophysical implications of a weak C-type olivine fabric in the Xugou ultra-high pressure garnet peridotite. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 376: 63–73
Weertman J. 1978. Creep laws for the mantle of the Earth. Philos Trans R Soc A-Math Phys Eng Sci, 288: 9–26
Wüstefel A, Bokelmann G, Barruol G, Montagner J P. 2009. Identifying global seismic anisotropy patterns by correlating shear-wave splitting and surface-wave data. Phys Earth Planet Inter, 176: 198–212
Xu Y G, Li H Y, Pang C J, He B. 2009. On the timing and duration of the destruction of the North China Craton. Chin Sci Bull, 54: 3379–3396
Xu Z Q, Wang Q, Ji S C, Chen J, Zeng L S, Yang J S, Chen F Y, LiangF H, Wenk H R. 2006. Petrofabrics and seismic properties of garnet peridotite from the UHP Sulu terrane (China): Implications for olivine deformation mechanism in a cold and dry subducting continental slab. Tectonophysics, 421: 111–127
Yagi T, Akaogi M, Shimomura O, Suzuki T, Akimoto S. 1987. In situ observation of the olivine-spinel phase transformation in Fe2SiO4 using synchrotron radiation. J Geophys Res, 92: 6207–6213
Zhang H F. 2009. Peridotite-melt interaction: A key point for destruction of cratonic lithospheric mantle. Chin Sci Bull, 54: 3417–3437
Zhang J F, Green H W, Bozhilov K N, Jin Z M. 2004. Faulting induced by precipitation of water at grain boundaries in hot subducting oceanic crust. Nature, 428: 633–636
Zhang J F, Wang C, Wang Y F. 2012. Experimental constraints on the destruction mechanism of the North China Craton. Lithos, 149: 91–99
Zhang S, Karato S, Gerald J F, Faul U H, Zhou Y. 2000. Simple shear deformation of olivine aggregates. Tectonophysics, 316: 133–152
Zhao Y H, Ginsberg S B, Kohlstedt D L. 2004. Solubility of hydrogen in olivine: Dependence on temperature and iron content. Contrib Mineral Petrol, 147: 155–161
Zhao Y H, Li X F, Li Y, Zimmerman M, Kohlstedt D L. 2007. Experimental study of high temperature and high pressure of fayalite. Acta Petrol Sin, 23: 2927–2932
Zhao Y H, Shi X, Zimmerman M, Kohlstedt D L. 2006. Effect of water on the rheology of iron rich olivine. Acta Petrol Sin, 22: 2381–2386
Zhao Y H, Zimmerman M E, Kohlstedt D L. 2009. Effect of iron content on the creep behavior of olivine: 1. Anhydrous conditions. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 287: 229–240
Zheng Y F, Xia Q K, Chen R X, Gao X Y. 2011. Partial melting, fluid supercriticality and element mobility in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks during continental collision. Earth Sci Rev, 107: 342–374
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Q. Homologous temperature of olivine: Implications for creep of the upper mantle and fabric transitions in olivine. Sci. China Earth Sci. 59, 1138–1156 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-016-5310-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-016-5310-z