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Characterization of the negative carbon isotope shift in segment C2, its global implications as a harbinger of OAE1a

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  • Special Topic: Cretaceous greenhouse palaeoclimate and sea-level changes
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Abstract

Lower Cretaceous C-isotope records show intermittent negative/positive spikes, and consistent patterns of coeval chemostratigraphic curves thus document shifts that signal simultaneous responses of temporal changes in the global carbon reservoir. The standard pattern registered by the δ 13Corg and δ 13Ccarb in Lower Aptian sediments includes distinct isotope segments C1 to C8 (Menegatti et al., 1998). In the El Pui section, Organyà Basin, Spain, C-isotope segment C2 is the longest interval preceding segments C3–C6 associated with oceanic anoxic event 1a (OAE 1a), and reveals a distinct negative shift of ~1.8‰ to ~2.23‰ defining the C-isotope pattern within that interval. Total inorganic carbon (TIC), total organic carbon (TOC), δ 13Corg, microfacies, n-alkanes show no difference before, during, or after the negative inflection. The biomarkers indicate that organic matter (OM) mainly originates from algal/microbial sources because short-chain length homologues (≤nC19) dominate. nC20 through nC25 indicate some contribution from aquatic vegetation, but little from higher plants (>nC25), as also suggested by the terrestrial/aquatic ratio of n-alkanes or (TAR) = [(nC27+nC29+nC31)/(nC15+nC17+nC19)] (averages 0.085). We suggest that conjoint pulses of contemporaneous LIPs (Ontong Java) and massive explosive volcanism in northeast Asia, the Songliao Basin (SB-V), best conform to plausible causes of the negative intra-C2 carbon isotopic excursion (CIE) at that time. Because of its apparent common occurrence the intra-C2 inflection could be a useful marker harbinger to the more pronounced CIE C3, the hallmark of OAE1a.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Glenn A. Goodfriend Memorial funds for fieldwork and laboratory analyses. Many thanks are due to Diane Pirie for her unwavering help with our carbon analyzer and gracious help at all steps of this research. We thank Bill Anderson for the carbon isotope analyses, and Cesar Ramirez at FIU’s Advanced Mass Spectrometry Facility for the biomarker analyses. Special thanks to Xiumian Hu and his collaborators for graciously hosting the IGCP 609 Workshop in China (September 2015) where we had the opportunity to discuss the ideas presented in this paper. We are most grateful to our colleague Josep Moreno-Bedmar for logistic support during part of the fieldwork, and discussions about ammonites. Mr. Ferran is gratefully acknowledged for his amiable authorization to carry out sampling of the El Pui section on his private hunting property. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for providing detailed comments that helped refine the manuscript. The Earth and Environment Department at FIU generously provided supplies and other laboratory materials. This paper is a contribution of IGCP Project 609 “Climate-environmental deteriorations during greenhouse phases: Causes and consequences of short-term Cretaceous sea-level changes”.

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    Jander Socorro, Florentin J.-M. R. Maurrasse & Yosmel Sanchez-Hernandez

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Socorro, J., Maurrasse, F.JM.R. & Sanchez-Hernandez, Y. Characterization of the negative carbon isotope shift in segment C2, its global implications as a harbinger of OAE1a. Sci. China Earth Sci. 60, 30–43 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-016-0092-5

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