Abstract
In this study, two fullerenes (C60, C70) and their methano-substitutions (PC61BM, PC71BM), as electron transport materials (ETMs) in perovskite solar cells (Pero-SCs), were systematically studied. As being used as ETMs, methanofullerenes, though with lower electron mobility compared to the counterpart pristine fullerenes, lead to higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of Pero-SCs. The difference is likely caused by the fill-out vacancies and smoother morphology of the interfaces between ETM and perovskite layers, as they were prepared by different methods. In addition, compared to C60 and PC61BM, C70 and PC71BM showed priority in terms of short-circuit current density, which should be attributed to fast free charge extraction abilities.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kojima A, Teshima K, Shirai Y, Miyasaka T. J Am Chem Soc, 2009, 131: 6050–6051
Burschka J, Pellet N, Moon SJ, Humphry-Baker R, Gao P, Nazeeruddin MK, Grätzel M. Nature, 2013, 499: 316–319
Liu M, Johnston MB, Snaith HJ. Nature, 2013, 501: 395–398
Zhou H, Chen Q, Li G, Luo S, Song T, Duan HS, Hong Z, You J, Liu Y, Yang Y. Science, 2014, 345: 542–546
Yang WS, Noh JH, Jeon NJ, Kim YC, Ryu S, Seo J, Seok SI. Science, 2015, 348: 1234–1237
Stranks SD, Eperon GE, Grancini G, Menelaou C, Alcocer MJP, Leijtens T, Herz LM, Petrozza A, Snaith HJ. Science, 2013, 342: 341–344
Tanaka K, Takahashi T, Ban T, Kondo T, Uchida K, Miura N. Solid State Commun, 2003, 127: 619–623
Sun S, Salim T, Mathews N, Duchamp M, Boothroyd C, Xing G, Sum TC, Lam YM. Energy Environ Sci, 2014, 7: 399–407
Stoumpos CC, Malliakas CD, Kanatzidis MG. Inorg Chem, 2013, 52: 9019–9038
Xiao J, Shi J, Li D, Meng Q. Sci China Chem, 2015, 58: 221–238
You J, Meng L, Song TB, Guo TF, Yang YM, Chang WH, Hong Z, Chen H, Zhou H, Chen Q, Liu Y, De Marco N, Yang Y. Nat Nanotech, 2015, 11: 75–81
Liu X, Yu H, Yan L, Dong Q, Wan Q, Zhou Y, Song B, Li Y. ACS Appl Mater Interf, 2015, 7: 6230–6237
Liu X, Lei M, Zhou Y, Song B, Li Y. Appl Phys Lett, 2015, 107: 063901
Chang AHH, Ermler WC, Pitzer RM. J Phys Chem, 1991, 95: 9288–9291
Jeng JY, Chiang YF, Lee MH, Peng SR, Guo TF, Chen P, Wen TC. Adv Mater, 2013, 25: 3727–3732
Chiang CH, Tseng ZL, Wu CG. J Mater Chem A, 2014, 2: 15897–15903
Shao Y, Xiao Z, Bi C, Yuan Y, Huang J. Nat Commun, 2014, 5: 5784
Wang Q, Shao Y, Dong Q, Xiao Z, Yuan Y, Huang J. Energy Environ Sci, 2014, 7: 2359–2365
Lo MF, Guan ZQ, Ng TW, Chan CY, Lee CS. Adv Funct Mater 2015, 25: 1213-1218
Wang C, Wang C, Liu X, Kauppi J, Shao Y, Xiao Z, Bi C, Huang J, Gao Y. Appl Phys Lett, 2015, 106: 111603
Liang PW, Chueh CC, Williams ST, Jen AKY. Adv Energy Mater, 2015, 5: 1402321–1402327
Dong Y, Li W, Zhang X, Xu Q, Liu Q, Li C, Bo Z. Small, 2016, 12: 1098–1104
Chang CY, Huang WK, Chang YC, Lee KT, Chen CT. J Mater Chem A, 2016, 4: 640–648
Eperon GE, Burlakov VM, Docampo P, Goriely A, Snaith HJ. Adv Funct Mater, 2014, 24: 151–157
Lin N, Qiao J, Dong H, Ma F, Wang L. J Mater Chem A, 2015, 3: 22839–22845
Yu H, Liu X, Xia Y, Dong Q, Zhang K, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Song B, Li Y. J Mater Chem A, 2016, 4: 321–326
Dong Q, Wang Z, Zhang K, Yu H, Huang P, Liu X, Zhou Y, Chen N, Song B. Nanoscale, 2016, 8: 5552–5558
Snaith HJ, Abate A, Ball JM, Eperon GE, Leijtens T, Noel NK, Stranks SD, Wang JTW, Wojciechowski K, Zhang W. J Phys Chem Lett, 2014, 5: 1511–1515
van Reenen S, Kemerink M, Snaith HJ. J Phys Chem Lett, 2015, 6: 3808–3814
Yan L, Song Y, Zhou Y, Song B, Li Y. Organic Electrons, 2015, 17: 94–101
Gonzalez-Pedro V, Juarez-Perez EJ, Arsyad WS, Barea EM, Fabregat-Santiago F, Mora-Sero I, Bisquert J. Nano Lett, 2014, 14: 888–893
Wang W, Yuan J, Shi G, Zhu X, Shi S, Liu Z, Han L, Wang HQ, Ma W. ACS Appl Mater Interf, 2015, 7: 3994–3999
Bag M, Renna LA, Adhikari RY, Karak S, Liu F, Lahti PM, Russell TP, Tuominen MT, Venkataraman D. J Am Chem Soc, 2015, 137: 13130–13137
Li JF, Zhang ZL, Gao HP, Zhang Y, Mao YL. J Mater Chem A, 2015, 3: 19476–19482
Lu H, Ma Y, Gu B, Tian W, Li L. J Mater Chem A, 2015, 3: 16445–16452
Chen CY, Chang JH, Chiang KM, Lin HL, Hsiao SY, Lin HW. Adv Funct Mater, 2015, 25: 7064–7070
Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51303118, 91333204), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20130289), the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (20133201120008), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars, Ministry of Education of China, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, K., Yu, H., Liu, X. et al. Fullerenes and derivatives as electron transport materials in perovskite solar cells. Sci. China Chem. 60, 144–150 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-016-0115-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-016-0115-x