References
European Union (2005) Council Decision 2005/387/JHA of 10 May 2005 on the information exchange, risk-assessment and control of new psychoactive substances. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32005D0387&from=en. Accessed Aug 2018
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2017) Market analysis of synthetic. Amphetamine-type stimulants, new psychoactive substances. http://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/Booklet_4_Market_Analysis_of_Synthetic_Drugs_ATS_NPS.pdf. Accessed Aug 2018
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2018) Understanding the synthetic drug market: the NPS factor. https://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/Global_Smart_Update_2018_Vol.19.pdf. Accessed Aug 2018
Reuter P, Pardo B (2017) New psychoactive substances: are there any good options for regulating new psychoactive substances? Int J Drug Policy 40:117–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.10.020
Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) (2017) Relatório de atividades 2015/2016 - grupo de trabalho para classificação de substâncias controladas. http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/33868/3233591/Relato%C2%B4rio+completo+vfinal.pdf/0651b912-8261-4560-8eff-5ba42c37cbcf. Accessed Aug 2018
Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) (2018) RDC No̱ 246, de 21 de agosto de 2018. Dispõe sobre a atualização do Anexo I da Portaria SVS/MS no̱344, de 12 de maio de 1998. http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/33868/3233591/63+-+RDC+N%C2%BA+246-2018-DOU.pdf/d56ad162-b504-4ebf-a34d-1af42e789fbf. Accessed Aug 2018
Coelho Neto J (2015) Rapid detection of NBOME’s and other NPS on blotter papers by direct ATR-FTIR spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 252:87–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.04.025
Coelho Neto J, Lisboa FLC (2017) ATR-FTIR characterization of generic brand-named and counterfeit sildenafil- and tadalafil-based tablets found on the Brazilian market. Sci Justice 57:283–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2017.04.009
Scientific Working Group for the Analysis of Seized Drugs (2018) SWGDRUG IR Library version 1.9. http://www.swgdrug.org/ir.htm. Accessed Aug 2018
Slovenian Ministry of the Interior Police (2017) Response ATR–IR library. https://www.policija.si/eng/index.php/generalpolicedirectorate/1669-nfl-page-response. Accessed Aug 2018
Coelho Neto J, Andrade AFB, Lordeiro RA, Machado Y, Ellie M, Ferrari Júnior E, Arantes LC (2017) Preventing misidentification of 25I-NBOH as 2C-I on routine GC-MS analyses. Forensic Toxicol 35:415–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-017-0362-0
Machado Y, Coelho Neto J, Barbosa PEN, Lordeiro RA, Alves RB (2017) Brephedrone: a new psychoactive substance seized in Brazil. Forensic Sci Int 275:302–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.04.007
Scientific Working Group for the Analysis of Seized Drugs (2018) SWGDRUG MS library version 3.1. http://www.swgdrug.org/ms.htm. Accessed Aug 2018
Cayman Chemical (2018) Cayman spectral library (CSL). https://www.caymanchem.com/forensics/csl. Accessed Aug 2018
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2016) Multilingual dictionary of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances under international control. http://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/MLD-06-58676_Vol_1&2_ebook.pdf. Accessed Aug 2018
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) (2017) European drug report 2017: trends and developments. https://www.doi.org/10.2810/610791. Accessed Aug 2018
Arantes LC, Ferrari Júnior E, de Souza LF, Cardoso AC, Alcântara TLF, Lião LM, Machado Y, Lordeiro RA, Coelho Neto J, Andrade AFB (2017) 25I-NBOH: a new potent serotonin 5-HT\(_{2A}\) receptor agonist identified in blotter paper seizures in Brazil. Forensic Toxicol 35:408–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-017-0357-x
Cole C, Jones L, McVeigh J, Kicman A, Syed Q, Bellis M (2011) Adulterants in illicit drugs: a review of empirical evidence. Drug Test Anal 3:89–96. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.220
Oesterheld JR, Armstrong SC, Cozza KL (2004) Ecstasy: pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions. Psychosomatics 45:84–87. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psy.45.1.84
Patterson R, Mabe P, Mitchell EN, Cory W (2012) Lifestyle illicit drug seizures: a routine ESI-LC-MS method for the identification of sildenafil and vardenafil. Forensic Sci Int 222:83–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.05.003
Odoardi S, Romolo FS, Strano-Rossi S (2016) A snapshot on NPS in Italy: distribution of drugs in seized materials analysed in an Italian forensic laboratory in the period 2013–2015. Forensic Sci Int 265:116–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.037
Puerta E, Barros-Miñones L, Hervias I, Gomez-Rodriguez V, Orejana L, Pizarro N, de la Torre R, Jordán J, Aguirre N (2012) Long-lasting neuroprotective effect of sildenafil against 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine- induced 5-hydroxytryptamine deficits in the rat brain. J Neurosci Res 90:518–528. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.22759
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank all our laboratory colleagues, especially Ms. Cláudia Ricoy for encouraging us to carry out this work, and the trainees Mr. Luan Carlos Vieira Alves, Ms. Fernanda Michele Viana and Ms. Claudinete Vieira de Oliveira by helping us with data typing.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Machado, Y., Coelho Neto, J., Lordeiro, R.A. et al. Profile of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and other synthetic drugs in seized materials analysed in a Brazilian forensic laboratory. Forensic Toxicol 37, 265–271 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-018-0456-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-018-0456-3