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Characteristics of Users of Consumer-Run Drop-In Centers Versus Clubhouses

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Abstract

Clubhouses and consumer-run drop-in centers (CRDIs) are two of the most widely implemented models of consumer-centered services for persons with serious mental illness. Differences in structure and goals suggest that they may be useful to different types of consumers. Information on what types of consumers use which programs would be useful in service planning. This study analyzes data from the authors’ NIMH-funded research on 31 geographically matched pairs of clubhouses and CRDIs involving more than 1,800 consumers to address the following question: are there significant differences in the characteristics and outcomes of members of clubhouses versus CRDIs? Results from multilevel analyses indicated that clubhouse members were more likely to be female, to receive SSI/SSDI, to report having a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and to live in dependent care; and they reported both a greater number of lifetime hospitalizations and current receipt of higher intensity traditional MH services. Controlling for differences in demographic characteristics, psychiatric history, and mental health service receipt, clubhouse members also reported higher quality of life and were more likely to report being in recovery. CRDI consumers were more likely to have substance abuse histories. Possible reasons for the differences are discussed. The results suggest that CRDIs are a viable alternative to more traditional mental health services for individuals who might not otherwise receive mental health services.

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Notes

  1. Like CRDIs, self-help agencies are completely consumer-run. These studies are included in the review of the literature because of the small number that focused specifically on CRDIs.

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Acknowledgement

This study was funded, in part, by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health to the first author (#R24-MH51363, to the University of Michigan School of Social Work, Center for Poverty, Risk and Mental Health).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Carol T. Mowbray PhD

  2. School of Social Work, Michigan State University, 222 Baker Hall, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Amanda Toler Woodward PhD

  3. School of Social Work, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA

    Mark C. Holter PhD

  4. Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA

    Peter MacFarlane Doctoral Candidate

  5. Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

    Deborah Bybee PhD

Authors
  1. Carol T. Mowbray PhD
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  2. Amanda Toler Woodward PhD
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  3. Mark C. Holter PhD
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  4. Peter MacFarlane Doctoral Candidate
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  5. Deborah Bybee PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amanda Toler Woodward PhD.

Additional information

Carol T. Mowbray is deceased.

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Mowbray, C.T., Woodward, A.T., Holter, M.C. et al. Characteristics of Users of Consumer-Run Drop-In Centers Versus Clubhouses. J Behav Health Serv Res 36, 361–371 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-008-9112-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-008-9112-8

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