Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) are transmitters of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the enteric interneurons, targeting excitatory or inhibitory GABA receptors or glutamate receptors that modulate gastric motility and mucosal function. GABAergic and glutamatergic neuron immunoreactivity have been found in cholinergic enteric neurons in the stomach. GABA and L-Glu may also subserve hormonal and paracrine signaling. Disruption in gastrointestinal function following perturbation of enteric GABA receptors and glutamate receptors presents potential new target sites for drug development.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M.T. Liu J.D. Rothstein M.D. Gershon A.L. Kirchgessner (1997) ArticleTitleGlutamatergic enteric neurons. J. Neurosci. 17 4764–4784 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjvFCrsr4%3D Occurrence Handle9169536
H.J. Reis A.R. Massensini M.A. Prado R.S. Gomez M.V Gomez M.A. Romano-Silva (2000) ArticleTitleCalcium channels coupled to depolarization-evoked glutamate release in the myenteric plexus of guinea-pig ileum. Neuroscience 101 237–242 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0306-4522(00)00354-7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXosFKmtrw%3D Occurrence Handle11068152
J. Ren H.Z. Hu S. Liu Y. Xia J.D. Wood (2000) ArticleTitleGlutamate receptors in the enteric nervous system: ionotropic or metabotropic? Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 12 257–264 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-2982.2000.00207.x Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3czpt1OmsA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10867623
L.H. Tsai K. Taniyama C. Tanaka (1987) ArticleTitleGamma-aminobutyric acid stimulates acid secretion from the isolated guinea pig stomach. Am. J. Physiol. 253 G601–G606 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXkvFyitA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle3688228
L.H. Tsai W. Tsai J.Y. Wu (1993) ArticleTitleAction of myenteric GABAergic neurons in the guinea pig stomach Neurochem. Int. 23 187–193 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0197-0186(93)90096-N Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXmtFOqu7g%3D Occurrence Handle8369742
K.R. Jessen R. Mirsky M.E Dennison G. Burnstock (1979) ArticleTitleGABA may be a neurotransmitter in the vertebrate peripheral nervous system. Nature 281 71–74 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXntlaisg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle551269
L.H. Tsai W. Tsai J.Y. Wu (1994) ArticleTitleEffect of L-glutamic acid on acid secretion and immunohistochemical localization of glutamatergic neurons in the rat stomach. J. Neurosci. 38 188–195 Occurrence Handle10.1002/jnr.490380209 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXkt1OmurY%3D
A.L. Kirchgessner M.T. Liu (1998) ArticleTitleImmunohistochemical localization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the guinea pig bowel and pancreas J. Comp. Neurol. 390 497–514 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19980126)390:4<497::AID-CNE4>3.0.CO;2-W Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjslShuw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9450532
A.B. Steffens H. Leuvenink A.J. Scheurink (1994) ArticleTitleEffects of monosodium glutamate (umami taste) with and without guanosine 5′-monophosphate on rat autonomic responses to meals Physiol. Behav. 56 59–63 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0031-9384(94)90261-5 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXktlCjs7o%3D Occurrence Handle8084908
G.A. Burns K.E. Stephens (1995) ArticleTitleExpression of mRNA for the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDAR1) receptor and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) co-exist in enteric neurons of the rat. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 55 207–210 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xitlegsg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle8801272
G.A. Burns K.E. Stephens J.A. Benson (1994) ArticleTitleExpression of mRNA for the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDAR1) receptor by the enteric neurons of the rat. Neurosci. Lett. 170 87–90 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXktVWmu7k%3D Occurrence Handle8041519
T.A. Cleland A.I. Selverston (1995) ArticleTitleGlutamate-gated inhibitory currents of central pattern generator neurons in the lobster stomatogastric ganglion. J. Neurosci. 15 6631–6639 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXovFWhurs%3D Occurrence Handle7472424
S. Gutovitz J.T. Birmingham J.A. Luther D.J. Simon E. Marder (2001) ArticleTitleGABA enhances transmission at an excitatory glutamatergic synapse. J. Neurosci. 21 5935–5943 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlvFKms70%3D Occurrence Handle11487616
W.H. Panico N.J. Cavuto G. Kallimanis C. Nguyen D.M. Armstrong S.B. Benjamin R.A Gillis R.A. Travagli (1995) ArticleTitleFunctional evidence for the presence of nitric oxide synthase in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Gastroenterology 109 1484–1491 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjsVen Occurrence Handle7557129
Q. Tong J. Ma A.L. Kirchgessner (2001) ArticleTitleVesicular glutamate transporter 2 in the brain-gut axis. Neuroreport 12 3929–3934 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xjsl2lsA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11742213
A.L. Kirchgessner H. Tamir M.D. Gershon (1992) ArticleTitleIdentification and stimulation by serotonin of intrinsic sensory neurons of the submucosal plexus of the guinea pig gut: activity- induced expression of Fos immunoreactivity J. Neurosci. 12 235–248 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XhsVCntbg%3D Occurrence Handle1729436
J.A. Howell A.D. Matthews K.C. Swanson D.L. Harmon J.C. Matthews (2001) ArticleTitleMolecular identification of high-affinity glutamate transporters in sheep and cattle forestomach, intestine, liver, kidney, and pancreas. J. Anim. Sci. 79 1329–1336 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjs1Olur4%3D Occurrence Handle11374555
M.A. Ostuni K. Marazova G. Peranzi B. Vidic V. Papadopoulos R. Ducroc J.J. Lacapere (2004) ArticleTitleFunctional characterization and expression of PBR in rat gastric mucosa: stimulation of chloride secretion by PBR ligands. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 286 G1069–G1080 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXkvFGjtLw%3D Occurrence Handle14726306
M.O. Poulter R. Singhal L.A. Brown A. Krantis (1999) ArticleTitleGABA(A) receptor subunit messenger RNA expression in the enteric nervous system of the rat: implications for functional diversity of enteric GABA(A) receptors Neuroscience 93 1159–1165 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXltlKmtLs%3D Occurrence Handle10473280
A. Krantis (2000) ArticleTitleGABA in the mammalian enteric nervous system. News Physiol. Sci. 15 284–290 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtV2ltQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11390928
M. Garret L. Bascles E. Boue-Grabot P. Sartor G. Charron B. Bloch R.F. Margolskee (1997) ArticleTitleAn mRNA encoding a putative GABA-gated chloride channel is expressed in the human cardiac conduction system. J. Neurochem. 68 1382–1389 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXitFeitbs%3D Occurrence Handle9084408
H. Qian G. Hyatt A. Schanzer R. Hazra A.S. Hackam G.R. Cutting J.E. Dowling (1997) ArticleTitleA comparison of GABAC and rho subunit receptors from the white perch retina. Vis. Neurosci. 14 843–851 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FjtFejtA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9364723
R. Turner I. Stratton V. Horton S. Manley P. Zimmet I.R. Mackay M. Shattock G.F. Bottazzo R. Holman (1997) ArticleTitleUKPDS 25: autoantibodies to islet-cell cytoplasm and glutamic acid decarboxylase for prediction of insulin requirement in type 2 diabetes. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Lancet 350 1288–1293 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FitVakuw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9357409
A.A. Beg E.M. Jorgensen (2003) ArticleTitleEXP-1 is an excitatory GABA-gated cation channel. Nat. Neurosci. 6 1145–1152 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXosVOiurY%3D Occurrence Handle14555952
J.M. Goaillard E. Marder (2003) ArticleTitleExciting guts with GABA. Nat. Neurosci. 6 1121–1122 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXosVOitbY%3D Occurrence Handle14583749
S. Ozawa H. Kamiya K. Tsuzuki (1998) ArticleTitleGlutamate receptors in the mammalian central nervous system. Prog. Neurobiol. 54 581–618 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXitlymt7w%3D Occurrence Handle9550192
F. Asztely B. Gustafsson (1996) ArticleTitleIonotropic glutamate receptors Their possible role in the expression of hippocampal synaptic plasticity Mol. Neurobiol 12 1–11 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjslagtLk%3D Occurrence Handle8732537
P. Bochet J. Rossier (1993) ArticleTitleMolecular biology of excitatory amino acid receptors: subtypes and subunits EXS 63 224–233 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXks1eitL0%3D Occurrence Handle8422537
E.K. Michaelis (1998) ArticleTitleMolecular biology of glutamate receptors in the central nervous system and their role in excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and aging Prog. Neurobiol. 54 369–415 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhvVyqtbw%3D Occurrence Handle9522394
A.L. Kirchgessner M.T. Liu F. Alcantara (1997) ArticleTitleExcitotoxicity in the enteric nervous system J. Neurosci. 17 8804–8816 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXnsFaltrs%3D Occurrence Handle9348349
A. Larzabal J. Losada J.M. Mateos R. Benitez I.J. Garmilla R. Kuhn P. Grandes R. Sarria (1999) ArticleTitleDistribution of the group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) in the enteric nervous system of the rat Neurosci. Lett 276 91–94 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXntlemurg%3D Occurrence Handle10624799
J. Ren H.Z. Hu S. Liu Y. Xia J.D. Wood (1999) ArticleTitleGlutamate modulates neurotransmission in the submucosal plexus of guinea-pig small intestine Neuroreport 10 3045–3048 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmsl2hsL4%3D Occurrence Handle10549820
G.A. Burns C. Ulibarri K.E. Stephens (1996) ArticleTitleTransiently catecholaminergic cells in the fetal rat express mRNA for the glutamate NMDAR1 receptor Brain Res. 718 117–123 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjsVOhurY%3D Occurrence Handle8773773
L.H. Tsai Y.J. Lee J.Y. Wu (2004) ArticleTitleRole of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in gastric mucosal blood flow induced by histamine J. Neurosci. Res. 77 730–738 Occurrence Handle15352220
A.L. Kirchgessner (2001) ArticleTitleGlutamate in the enteric nervous system Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 1 591–596 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXovVOgt74%3D Occurrence Handle11757814
J.A. McRoberts S.V. Coutinho J.C. Marvizon E.F. Grady M. Tognetto J.N. Sengupta H.S. Ennes V.V. Chaban S. Amadesi C. Creminon T. Lanthorn P. Geppetti N.W. Bunnett E.A. Mayer (2001) ArticleTitleRole of peripheral N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in visceral nociception in rats Gastroenterology 120 1737–1748 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXkslGku7g%3D Occurrence Handle11375955
M. Hollmann S. Heinemann (1994) ArticleTitleCloned glutamate receptors Annu. Rev. Neurosci 17 31–108 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXitVyltrs%3D Occurrence Handle8210177
T.L. Carter R.A. Rissman A.J. Mishizen-Eberz B.B. Wolfe R.L. Hamilton S. Gandy D.M. Armstrong (2004) ArticleTitleDifferential preservation of AMPA receptor subunits in the hippocampi of Alzheimer’s disease patients according to Braak stage Exp. Neurol. 187 299–309 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXktV2lsrY%3D Occurrence Handle15144856
S.H. Lee A. Simonetta M. Sheng (2004) ArticleTitleSubunit rules governing the sorting of internalized AMPA receptors in hippocampal neurons Neuron 43 221–236 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmslKrt7c%3D Occurrence Handle15260958
I. Suarez G. Bodega J. Fernandez-Ruiz J.A. Ramos M. Rubio B. Fernandez (2004) ArticleTitleDown-regulation of the AMPA glutamate receptor subunits GluR1 and GluR2/3 in the rat cerebellum following pre- and perinatal delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure Cerebellum 3 66–74 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXksVKmt7s%3D Occurrence Handle15233572
K. Wada H. Sakaguchi E.D. Jarvis M. Hagiwara (2004) ArticleTitleDifferential expression of glutamate receptors in avian neural pathways for learned vocalization J. Comp. Neurol 476 44–64 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmtl2hsLY%3D Occurrence Handle15236466
P. Stern P. Behe R. Schoepfer D. Colquhoun (1992) ArticleTitleSingle channel conductances of NMDA receptors expressed from cloned cDNAs comparison with native receptors. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 250 271–277 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXit1Khsbc%3D
T.V. Bliss G.L. Collingridge (1993) ArticleTitleA synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus Nature 361 31–39
W.W. Wu C.S. Chan J.F. Disterhoft (2004) ArticleTitleSlow afterhyperpolarization governs the development of NMDA receptor-dependent afterdepolarization in CA1 pyramidal neurons during synaptic stimulation J. Neurophysiol 92 2346–2356 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXovF2rs78%3D Occurrence Handle15190096
J.E. Huettner (1990) ArticleTitleGlutamate receptor channels in rat DRG neurons: activation by kainate and quisqualate and blockade of desensitization by Con A Neuron 5 255–266 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXjs1ersg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle2169266
L.A. Wong M.L. Mayer (1993) ArticleTitleDifferential modulation by cyclothiazide and concanavalin A of desensitization at native alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazolepropionic acid and kainate preferring glutamate receptors Mol. Pharmacol 44 504–510 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXms1agtb4%3D Occurrence Handle7690448
L.A. Wong M.L. Mayer D.E. Jane J.C. Watkins (1994) ArticleTitleWillardiines differentiate agonist binding sites for glutamate receptors in DRG and hippocampal neurons J Neurosci. 14 3881–3897 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXkt1Ols7s%3D Occurrence Handle7515954
R. Chittajallu M. Vignes K.K. Dev J.M. Barnes G.L. Collingridge J.M. Henley (1996) ArticleTitleRegulation of glutamate release by presynaptic kainate receptors in the hippocampus Nature 379 78–81 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XivVKgtw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle8538745
T.A. Cleland A.I. Selverston (1997) ArticleTitle: Dopaminergic modulation of inhibitory glutamate receptors in the lobster stomatogastric ganglion J. Neurophysiol 78 3450–3452 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmslymtQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9405559
W.D. Krenz D. Nguyen N.L. Perez-Acevedo A.I. Selverston (2000) ArticleTitleGroup I,II,and III mGluR compounds affect rhythm generation in the gastric circuit of the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion. J Neurophysiol. 83 1188–1201 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXisVartrc%3D Occurrence Handle10712449
J.P. Pin R. Duvoisin (1995) ArticleTitleThe metabotropic glutamate receptors: structure and functions Neuropharmacology 34 1–26 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXktF2ns7o%3D Occurrence Handle7623957
R.F. Harty M.G. Boharski G.S. Bochna T.A. Carr P.E. Eagan M. Rings D.C. Lassiter M.P. Pour D.F Schafer (1991) ArticleTitleGamma-Aminobutyric acid localization and function as modulator of cholinergic neurotransmission in rat antral mucosal/submucosal fragments. Gastroenterology 101 1178–1186 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XhtFSj Occurrence Handle1936787
A. Krantis K. Mattar I. Glasgow (1998) ArticleTitleRat gastroduodenal motility in vivo: interaction of GABA and VIP in control of spontaneous relaxations Am. J. Physiol. 275 G897–G903 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2Fjt1KhsQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9815017
P.L. Andrews S. Bingham K.L. Wood (1987) ArticleTitleModulation of the vagal drive to the intramural cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons in the ferret stomach by baclofen. J. Physiol. 388 25–39 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXktVSltLs%3D Occurrence Handle3656193
I. Lidums A. Lehmann H. Checklin J Dent (2000) ArticleTitleControl of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and reflux by the GABA(B) agonist baclofen in normal subjects. Gastroenterology 118 7–13 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlt1Omtw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10611148
G.H. Koek D. Sifrim T. Lerut J Janssens (2003) ArticleTitleEffect of the GABA(B) agonist baclofen in patients with symptoms and duodeno-gastro-oesophageal reflux refractory to proton pump inhibitors. Gut 52 1397–1402 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXotl2lu7s%3D Occurrence Handle12970129
D. Riccardi (1999) ArticleTitleCell surface, Ca2+(cation)-sensing receptor(s)? one or many Cell Calcium 26 77–83 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXnt1Gksbk%3D Occurrence Handle10598270
M.A. Herwaarden Particlevan M. Samsom H. Rydholm A.J. Smout (2002) ArticleTitleThe effect of baclofen on gastro-oesophageal reflux, lower oesophageal sphincter function and reflux symptoms in patients with reflux disease Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther 16 1655–1662 Occurrence Handle12197845
Q. Zhang A. Lehmann R. Rigda J. Dent R.H. Holloway (2002) ArticleTitleControl of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations and reflux by the GABA(B) agonist baclofen in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease Gut 50 19–24 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XltVOrtw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11772961
C.M. McDermott T.P. Abrahams E. Partosoedarso N. Hyland J. Ekstrand M Monroe P.J. Hornby (2001) ArticleTitleSite of action of GABA(B) receptor for vagal motor control of the lower esophageal sphincter in ferrets and rats. Gastroenterology 120 1749–1762 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXkslGku7k%3D Occurrence Handle11375956
E. Symonds R. Butler T. Omari (2003) ArticleTitleThe effect of the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen on liquid and solid gastric emptying in mice Eur. J. Pharmacol. 470 95–97 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXkt1Khsrg%3D Occurrence Handle12787836
L.A. Blackshaw E. Staunton A. Lehmann J. Dent (1999) ArticleTitleInhibition of transient LES relaxations and reflux in ferrets by GABA receptor agonists Am. J. Physiol. 277 G867–G874 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXntFCjur0%3D Occurrence Handle10516154
A. Lehmann M. Antonsson M. Bremner-Danielsen M. Flardh L Hansson-Branden L. Karrberg (1999) ArticleTitleActivation of the GABA(B) receptor inhibits transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations in dogs. Gastroenterology 117 1147–1154 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXnsVCqtr0%3D Occurrence Handle10535878
W.C. Lin (1995) ArticleTitleStimulatory effect of muscimol on gastric acid secretion stimulated by secretagogues in vagotomized rats under anesthesia. Eur. J Pharmacol. 279 43–50 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmtVymt74%3D Occurrence Handle7556381
Y.S. Guo J.C. Thompson P. Singh (1989) ArticleTitleEffect of gamma-aminobutyric acid on bombesin-evoked release of somatostatin and gastrin from isolated rat stomach Regul. Pept. 24 179–186 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXhtVyltr4%3D Occurrence Handle2564210
R.K. Goel W.R. Abbas R.N. Maiti S.K. Bhattacharya (1996) ArticleTitleAnti-ulcerogenic activity of GABA and GABA mimetic agents in rats Indian J. Exp. Biol 34 745–749 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xltl2iurc%3D Occurrence Handle8979479
W. Haefely (1983) ArticleTitleThe biological basis of benzodiazepine actions Psychoactive Drugs 15 19–39 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXltFGgurk%3D
P.D. Suzdak R.D. Schwartz P. Skolnick S.M. Paul (1986) ArticleTitleEthanol stimulates gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-mediated chloride transport in rat brain synaptoneurosomes. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 83 4071–4075 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL28XktlOgs7w%3D Occurrence Handle2424017
Y.M. Al-Mulla Hummadi R.A. Najim I.B. Farjou (2001) ArticleTitleBenzodiazepines protect against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in vitro. Fundam. Clin Pharmacol. 15 247–254 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MrhslCrug%3D%3D
P. Aas R. Tanso F. Fonnum (1989) ArticleTitleStimulation of peripheral cholinergic nerves by glutamate indicates a new peripheral glutamate receptor Eur. J. Pharmacol. 164 93–102 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXksFSqsLg%3D Occurrence Handle2568940
S. Lecchini G. Frigo (2003) ArticleTitleEvidence for a glutamatergic modulation of the cholinergic function in the human enteric nervous system via NMDA receptors Eur. J. Pharmacol 476 63–69 Occurrence Handle12969750
J.W. Wiley Y.X. Lu C. Owyang (1991) ArticleTitleEvidence for a glutamatergic neural pathway in the myenteric plexus. Am. J Physiol. 261 G693–G700 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXmsVylsb8%3D Occurrence Handle1681738
S.M. Jankovic D. Milovanovic M. Matovic V. Iric-Cupic (1999) ArticleTitleThe effects of excitatory amino acids on isolated gut segments of the rat Pharmacol. Res 39 143–148 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhvVagsb4%3D Occurrence Handle10072705
L.H. Tsai L.R. Huang S.H. Chen H.J. Liu L.S. Chou (1999) ArticleTitleEffects mucosal of L-glutamic acid on acid secretion blood flow in the rat stomach. Chin. J Physiol. 42 181–187 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXntVOnt7o%3D Occurrence Handle10707892
S.H. Chen H.L. Lei L.R. Huang L.H. Tsai (2001) ArticleTitleProtective effect of excitatory amino acids on cold-restraint stress-induced gastric ulcers in mice: role of cyclic nucleotides Dig. Dis. Sci. 46 2285–2291 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXot1KlsLY%3D Occurrence Handle11680609
G.A. Burns R.C. Ritter (1997) ArticleTitleThe non-competitive NMDA antagonist MK-801 increases food intake in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem Behav. 56 145–149 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXisVGhtA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle8981622
B.G. Stanley L.H. Ha L.C. Spears M.G. Dee (1993) ArticleTitleLateral hypothalamic injections of glutamate, kainic acid, D,L-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole propionic acid or N-methyl-D-aspartic acid rapidly elicit intense transient eating in rats. Brain Res. 613 88–95 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXks1ersro%3D Occurrence Handle7688643
B.G. Stanley V.L. Willett ParticleIII H.W. Donias M.G. Dee ParticleII M.A. Duva (1996) ArticleTitleLateral hypothalamic NMDA receptors and glutamate as physiological mediators of eating and weight control. Am. J Physiol. 270 R443–R449 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xhs1aisrk%3D Occurrence Handle8779877
J.C. Krebs D Wirtshafter (1990) ArticleTitleControl of food intake by kainate/quisqualate receptors in the median raphe nucleus Psychopharmacology 101 137–141 Occurrence Handle2160664
M. Covasa R.C. Ritter G.A. Burns (2000) ArticleTitleNMDA receptor participation in control of food intake by the stomach. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp Physiol 278 R1362–R1368 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjvFahtLo%3D Occurrence Handle10801308
H. Zheng L. Kelly L.M. Patterson H.R. Berthoud (1999) ArticleTitleEffect of brain stem NMDA-receptor blockade by MK-801 on behavioral and fos responses to vagal satiety signals Am. J. Physiol 277 R1104–R1111 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXntF2gsLs%3D Occurrence Handle10516251
S.A. Aicher S Sharma V.M. Pickel (1999) ArticleTitleN-methyl-D-aspartate receptors are present in vagal afferents and their dendritic targets in the nucleus tractus solitarius. Neuroscience 91 119–132 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXisFKhsr8%3D Occurrence Handle10336064
H. Shinozaki Y. Gotoh M. Ishida (1990) ArticleTitleSelective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists increase gastric motility in the rat. Neurosci Lett. 113 56–61 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXkslWltL4%3D Occurrence Handle1973272
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tsai, L.H. Function of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the stomach. J Biomed Sci 12, 255–266 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11373-005-1357-0
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11373-005-1357-0