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Effects of simulated wind followed by rain on runoff and sediment yield from a sandy loessial soil with rills

  • Sediments, Sec 2 • Physical and Biogeochemical Processes • Research Article
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Abstract

Purpose

Severe soil erosion is caused by wind and water acting separately or in combination or sequentially and is an important factor affecting dryland ecosystems, especially in the severely eroded “water–wind erosion crisscross region” on the Loess Plateau. Thus, the aim of the study was to determine the magnitudes of wind and water erosion under simulative conditions and explore the mechanisms of their interactions.

Materials and methods

We analyzed the interaction between these two types of erosion by exposing a sandy loessial soil with an artificial rill to simulated wind at four speeds (0, 1, 8, and 15 m s−1) and then to simulated rainfall, measuring runoff, sediment yield, and characterizing changes in rill morphology. This simulated the transition period between the dry (windy) and wet seasons.

Results and discussion

The time to runoff initiation depended on both wind speed and rainfall intensity, but rainfall had a larger impact on runoff. At the 15 m s−1 wind speed, the total runoff significantly (P < 0.05) increased by 33.3 kg when the rainfall intensity was increased to 120 from 60 mm h−1. Under the 120 mm h−1 rainfall intensity, the total sediment yields increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing wind speed. Erosion sediment yields increased by 9.7, 16.3, and 70.4 % with increasing wind speed under all three rainfall intensities when compared with a no wind case. Changes in rill morphology caused by wind erosion were a factor that affected the erosion processes of subsequent rainstorms.

Conclusions

Our results provide a basis for hypothesizing trends of wind and water erosion, highlight the importance of wind and water erosion acting in conjunction in semi-arid ecosystems, and are conducive for developing a more integrated perspective of wind–water dynamics on the Loess Plateau.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge funding by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41571130082, 51239009, 41271239). We are grateful to the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China

    Qingyin Zhang, Jun Fan & Xiaoping Zhang

  2. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China

    Jun Fan & Xiaoping Zhang

Authors
  1. Qingyin Zhang
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  2. Jun Fan
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  3. Xiaoping Zhang
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Correspondence to Jun Fan.

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Responsible editor: David Allen Lobb

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Zhang, Q., Fan, J. & Zhang, X. Effects of simulated wind followed by rain on runoff and sediment yield from a sandy loessial soil with rills. J Soils Sediments 16, 2306–2315 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-016-1470-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-016-1470-x

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