Abstract
Purpose
Sugarcane waste products (boiler ash, filter cake, and vinasse) from an ethanol production plant were used as soil amendments by adding 3 % (w/w) in single and/or in combination, with a research focus towards stabilization of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in contaminated soils. The objective of this laboratory study was to evaluate the effects of adding these sugarcane waste products on bioavailability of Cd and Zn over time (aging) in Cd- and Zn-contaminated agricultural soils of Thailand.
Materials and methods
Two agricultural contaminated soils of low (<3 mg kg−1) and high (10–15 mg kg−1) Cd concentrations were collected from Tak Province, Northwest Thailand. Fourteen treatments were sampled at 2-week intervals for 84 days for metal bioavailability using BCR extraction procedures (proposed by The Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme of the European Union, SM&T) that determined exchangeable (BCR1), reducible (BCR2), oxidizable (BCR3), and residual (BCR4) fractions, and total concentration was determined using aqua regia digestion and microwave digestion.
Results and discussion
Cd was potentially bioavailable, predominantly in exchangeable (BCR1) and reducible (BCR2) fractions, while the higher contribution of Zn was more prevalent in refractory fractions (BCR2 and BCR4). Aging had an influence on fractionation of Cd and Zn, most notably in the first two fractions (BCR1 and BCR2) of BCR sequential extraction, which resulted in reduction of exchangeable Cd during the first few weeks of incubation (T = 0 to 28 days). At the end of pot experiment, the exchangeable Cd fraction in the low Cd (LCdS) soil was reduced from 2.3 to 4.7 % and 9.4 to 39.9 % in low and high Cd (HCdS)-contaminated soils, respectively, as compared to nonamended soils.
Conclusions
The observed reduction in exchangeable Cd (BCR1) in the amended soils at the 3 % (w/w) application rate, the low total metal concentrations, and the significant amount of essential plant nutrients (N, P, and K) within these waste products highlight the benefits of amending metal-rich soils with them.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Achiba WB, Lakhdar A, Gabteni N, Du-Laing G, Verloo M, Boeckx P, Van-Cleemput O, Jedidi N, Gallali T (2010) Accumulation and fractionation of trace metals in a Tunisian calcareous soil amended with farmyard manure and municipal solid waste compost. J Hazard Mater 176:99–108
Akkajit P, Tongcumpou C (2010) Fractionation of metals in cadmium contaminated soil: relation and effect on bioavailable cadmium. Geoderma 156:126–132
Anju M, Banerjee DK (2010) Comparison of two sequential extraction procedures for heavy metal partitioning in mine tailings. Chemosphere 78:1393–1402
Chantana P, Wittaya S, Nishijo M, Werawan R, Thawangon I (2007) Health risk management for cadmium contamination in Thailand: are challenged overcome? http://www.who.int/ifcs/documents/forums/forum5/Thai%20Padungtod_ForumV.pdf. Accessed 23 January 2012
Conde PB, Martín RJA, García GR, Jiménez BR (2009) Impacts caused by the addition of wine vinasse on some chemical and mineralogical properties of a Luvisol and a Vertisol in La Mancha (Central Spain). J Soils Sediments 9:121–128
Filgueiras AV, Lavilla I, Bendicho C (2002) Chemical sequential extraction for metal partitioning in environmental solid samples. J Environ Monit 4:823–857
Gadepalle VP, Ouki SK, Hutchings T (2009) Remediation of copper and cadmium in contaminated soils using compost with inorganic amendments. Water Air Soil Pollut 196:355–368
Gilbert RA, Morris DR, Rainbolt CR, McCray JM, Perdomo RE, Eiland B, Powell G, Montes G (2008) Sugarcane response to mill mud, fertilizer, and soybean nutrient sources on a sandy soil. Agron J 100:845–854
Gleyzes C, Tellier S, Astruc M (2002) Fractionation studies of trace elements in contaminated soils and sediments: a review of sequential extraction procedures. Trends Anal Chem 21:451–467
Hlavay J, Prohaska T, Weisz M, Wenzel WW, Stingeder J (2004) Determination of trace elements bound to soils and sediment fractions. Pure Appli Chem 76:415–442
Jamil-Khan M, Qasim M (2008) Integrated use of boiler ash as organic fertilizer and soil conditioner with NPK in calcareous soil. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol 30:281–289, http://rdo.psu.ac.th/sjstweb/journal/30-3/0125-3395-30-3-281-289.pdf. Accessed 6 December 2012
Janoš P, Vávrová J, Herzogová L, Pilařová V (2010) Effects of inorganic and organic amendments on the mobility (leachability) of heavy metals in contaminated soil: a sequential extraction study. Geoderma 159:335–341
Jayasinghe GY, Tokashiki Y, Arachchi ID, Arakaki M (2010) Sewage sludge sugarcane trash based compost and synthetic aggregates as peat substitutes in containerized media for crop production. J Hazard Mater 174:700–706
Lee S, Lee J, Choi YJ, Kim J (2009) In situ stabilization of cadmium-, lead-, and zinc-contaminated soil using various amendments. Chemosphere 77:1069–1075
Lu A, Zhang S, Shan XQ (2005) Time effect on the fractionation of heavy metals in soil. Geoderma 125:225–234
Manskinen K, Nurmesniemi H, Pöykiö R (2011) Total and extractable non-process elements in green liquor dregs from the chemical recovery circuit of a semi-chemical pulp mill. J Chem Eng 166:954–961
Mohamed I, Ahamadou B, Li M, Gong C, Cai P, Liang W, Huang Q (2010) Fractionation of copper and cadmium and their binding with soil organic matter in a contaminated soil amended with organic materials. J Soils Sediments 10:973–982
Nelson DW, Sommers LE (1996) Carbon and organic matter. In: Sparks DL et al. (ed) Methods of soil analysis: Part 3 Chemical Methods, 3rd ed.: Agron. Monogr, 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin
Ossom EM (2010) Effects of filtercake fertilization on weed infestation, disease incidence and tuber yield of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Swaziland. Int J Agric Biol 12:45–50
Pérez-de-Mora A, Madrid F, Cabrera F, Madejón E (2007) Amendments and plant cover influence on trace element pools in a contaminated soil. Geoderma 139:1–10
Phaenark C, Pokethitiyook P, Kruatrachue M, Ngernsansaruay C (2009) Cd and Zn accumulation in plants from the Padaeng zinc mine area. Int J Phytorem 11:479–495
Purushothaman P, Chakrapani GJ (2007) Heavy metals fractionation in Ganga River sediments, India. Environ Monit Assess 132:475–489
Quevauviller P (2002) Methodologies in soil and sediment fractionation studies: single and sequential extraction procedures. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Cornwall, UK
Sánchez-Martín MJ, García-Delgado M, Lorenzo LF, Rodríguez-Cruz MS, Arienzo M (2007) Heavy metals in sewage sludge amended soils determined by sequential extraction as a function of incubation time of soils. Geoderma 142:262–273
Silalertruksa T, Gheewala SH (2009) Environmental sustainability assessment of bio-ethanol production in Thailand. J Energy 34:1933–1946
The Soil Survey and Classification Division, the Land Development Department (2012) http://osl101.ldd.go.th/survey_1/class_03_ult.htm. Accessed 5 May 2012
US EPA Method 3052 (1996) Microwave assisted acid digestion of siliceous and organically based matrices. http://www.epa.gov/wastes/hazard/testmethods/sw846/pdfs/3052.pdf. Accessed 15 May 2012
Wu L, Tan C, Liu L, Zhu P, Peng C, Luo Y, Christie P (2012) Cadmium bioavailability in surface soils receiving long-term applications of inorganic fertilizers and pig manure. Geoderma 173–174:224–230
Acknowledgments
The authors express their gratitude to the Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM); 90th Year Chulalongkorn Scholarship by Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University for financial support, and Mae Sot Clean Energy Company Limited, Tak Province, Thailand for supporting sugarcane waste products.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Bernd Markert
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Akkajit, P., DeSutter, T. & Tongcumpou, C. Fractionation of Cd and Zn in Cd-contaminated soils amended by sugarcane waste products from an ethanol production plant. J Soils Sediments 13, 1057–1068 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0691-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0691-5