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Flooding-enhanced immobilization effect of sepiolite on cadmium in paddy soil

  • SOILS, SEC 3 • REMEDIATION AND MANAGEMENT OF CONTAMINATED OR DEGRADED LANDS • RESEARCH ARTICLE
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Abstract

Purpose

Little is known of the effect of sepiolite on the transformation of Cd in anthropogenically contaminated paddy soil under different moisture conditions; therefore, we studied the effects of sepiolite and flooding on the extractability and fractionation of Cd in paddy soils.

Materials and methods

The dynamics of soil Eh, pH, DTPA-extractable Cd, and different Cd soil fractions were studied in two typical paddy soils from south China that were spiked with 10 mg kg–1 Cd following amendment with sepiolite at 5 and 10 g kg–1 soil during a 30-day incubation period at 25°C, with either no flooding or continuous flooding conditions.

Results and discussion

The addition of sepiolite at two rates of 5 and 10 g kg–1 soil resulted in an average reduction in soil Eh of 76 and 93 mV, increase in soil pH of 1.2 and 2.3 pH units, and decrease in DTPA-extractable Cd in soils of 1.43 and 2.53 mg kg–1 under continuous flooding conditions, respectively. Sepiolite addition resulted in a significant decrease in the exchangeable Cd in the soils, and a significant increase, in the carbonate-bound and Fe/Mn oxide-bound Cd in the soils under both moisture conditions. Cadmium was also immobilized by flooding and by interactions between sepiolite application and flooding; these effects were greater in sandy paddy soil than in clay paddy soil.

Conclusions

The immobilization of Cd in typical paddy soils was related mainly to changes in Eh and pH caused by the addition of sepiolite and flooding. Sepiolite can be used in the remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soils, especially in sandy paddy soils, and flooding enhances the stabilization of Cd in paddy soils by sepiolite.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41101300), the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2011BAD04B01), the Important National Science & Technology Specific Projects (2009ZX07212-0105), and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX3-SW-437).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

    Qi-Hong Zhu, Dao-You Huang, Shou-Long Liu, Bin Zhou & Han-Hua Zhu

  2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Bin Zhou

  3. Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

    Zun-Chang Luo

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  1. Qi-Hong Zhu
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  2. Dao-You Huang
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  3. Shou-Long Liu
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  4. Bin Zhou
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  5. Zun-Chang Luo
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  6. Han-Hua Zhu
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Correspondence to Qi-Hong Zhu or Dao-You Huang.

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Responsible editor: Jaco Vangronsveld

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Zhu, QH., Huang, DY., Liu, SL. et al. Flooding-enhanced immobilization effect of sepiolite on cadmium in paddy soil. J Soils Sediments 12, 169–177 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-011-0444-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-011-0444-2

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