Abstract
Purpose
Land use change (LUC) is a critical process in the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of agricultural products and Brazil is a major exporter of these. This work had the objective of integrating refined and regionalized datasets of LUC in Brazil into the ecoinvent database, to better represent its dynamics and heterogeneity. We present the adaptations needs for having it suitable for crops, pasture and forestry in state-level and impacts of modelling assumptions and uncertainties.
Methods
Adaptation and integration were based in ecoinvent version 3 guidelines and the database requirements to LUC modelling. BRLUC, a method for Brazilian LUC accounting, was the main data source. The workflow for the integration process consisted in identifying necessary adaptations in both sources to allow a better representation of Brazilian LUC. Four new reference products and 27 geographies were added in the database.
Results and discussion
A total of 566 new datasets were integrated into ecoinvent version 3.6, allowing the incorporation of LUC in Brazilian products in state, regional and national level. GHG emissions reduced, being 42.2% and 99.9% lower to soybean and sugarcane than in ecoinvent v3.5. Four improvements were the main causes: (i) state-level LUC modelling with national official data; (ii) regionalizing carbon stocks; (iii) including pasture and forestry land use categories; (iv) and considering sugarcane as a perennial crop. The way to calculate national-level results based on subnational data was an important source of difference in emissions too. Uncertainties specifically associated with land use substitution patterns were not incorporated, and they can potentially have impacts as large as the uncertainties of all the remaining processes combined.
Conclusions
Results showed that small changes in data sources and premises have large impacts on emissions associated with LUC in agricultural products. It also showed the large impacts of uncertainties of LUC patterns. Improving current models in better representing regional LUC patterns, regional carbon stocks and uncertainty accounting could reduce these impacts. Nonetheless, efforts in reducing the complexity of LUC accounting methods could enhance transparency and effectiveness.
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Acknowledgments
We greatly acknowledge Guillaume Bourgault and Avraam Symeonidis from ecoinvent for their work in adjusting and integrating the data into the database structure. We are also thankful for Simon Gmünder and Amir Safaei for suggestions and arrangements on the early steps of the work. Finally, we thank Fernando Dias and Maria Clea Figueiredo for providing information regarding beef and mango production systems, and Anna Letícia Pighinelli for helping running data and two anonymous reviewers for providing suggestions that improved the manuscript.
Funding information
The research was funded by SECO (SRI programm) and EMBRAPA (project number 33.17.00.060.00.00).
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Donke, A.C.G., Novaes, R.M.L., Pazianotto, R.A.A. et al. Integrating regionalized Brazilian land use change datasets into the ecoinvent database: new data, premises and uncertainties have large effects in the results. Int J Life Cycle Assess 25, 1027–1042 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-020-01763-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-020-01763-3