Abstract
Some studies have shown that freshwater ecosystems are polluted in a similar proportion to marine ecosystems; however, there are many gaps to be filled in this topic. Here, we investigated whether plastics were consumed by carnivore fishes in a Neotropical floodplain and whether it was connected to seasonality (dry and wet seasons). We also evaluated the association between each type of plastic and the fish species. We analyzed the gastrointestinal contents of 23 species and assessed the occurrence and number of plastic particles. Plastics were obtained through chemical digestion and the spectrum of each sample, using a FT-IR imaging microscope. We performed a correspondence analysis (CA) with plastic data to assess the relationship between each type of plastic and the fish species. We also performed linear regression models to assess the relationships of occurrence and number of plastics ingested with seasonality. Nine species had plastics in their gastrointestinal contents, and they were identified as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and polypropylene (PP). The number of plastics had a positive relationship with the wet season, while the occurrence did not show a significant relationship with any season. These results are particularly important when considering the socioeconomic relevance and the ecological importance of this trophic guild.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.
Materials availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER—the PIAP site) for the data availability, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for granting scholarship to A.L.P. Cardozo and K.Y.Yofukuji and for financial support and for the infrastructure for developing this study.
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This work was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES; grant number: 88887.495287/2020–00) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq; grant number: 141720/2020–4). A.L.P. Cardozo has received research support from CNPq, and K.Y. Yofukuji has received research support from CAPES.
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Ana Lucia Paz Cardozo, Katia Yasuko Yofukuji, and Rosemara Fugi contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Ana Lucia Paz Cardozo, Katia Yasuko Yofukuji, Rosemara Fugi, Ranulfo Combuca da Silva Júnior, and Lidiane Vizioli de Castro-Hoshino. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Ana Lucia Paz Cardozo and Katia Yasuko Yofukuji, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Cardozo, A.L.P., Yofukuji, K.Y., da Silva Júnior, R.C. et al. Plastic ingestion by carnivore fish in a neotropical floodplain: seasonal and interspecific variations. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 40712–40723 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25135-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25135-0