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Drivers of green growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: can financial development promote environmentally sustainable economic growth?

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Abstract

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has recently declared its vision of turning carbon neutral by 2060. This declaration has motivated policymakers in this Arab nation to design policies that can green economic activities in Saudi Arabia so that environmentally sustainable growth can be ensured. Against this backdrop, this study models the independent and joint effects of financial development, globalization, and energy efficiency rates on green growth of the Saudi Arabian economy. In this regard, green growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is proxied by the difference between the nation’s annual per capita growth rates of gross domestic product and carbon dioxide emission. Utilizing data from 1972 to 2018 and controlling for structural break-induced problems found in the data, the findings from the regression and causality analyses confirm the green growth–inhibiting impacts of financial development and trade globalization. In contrast, greater financial globalization is evidenced to drive green growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, more efficient uses of energy resources are found to not only directly boost green growth but also partially neutralize the long-run green growth–dampening impacts associated with the development of the financial sector. In addition, financial development and trade globalization are observed to jointly inhibit green growth attainment both in the short and long run. In line with these important findings, it is recommended that the government of Saudi Arabia conceptualizes new green growth policies so that the nation’s annual per capita economic growth rate outpaces its annual per capita growth rate of carbon dioxide emissions.

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Source: World Bank (2022)

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Data availability

The data sources are mentioned in the text.

Notes

  1. I(1) refers to first difference.

  2. For ensuring brevity, the plots are not reported but can be made available on request from the corresponding author.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Business Administration, Newports Institute of Communications and Economics, Karachi, Pakistan

    Asif Ali Abro

  2. Department of Finance and Economics, College of Commerce and Business Administration, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman

    Naushad Alam

  3. School of Business and Economics, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh

    Muntasir Murshed & A. K. M. Atiqur Rahman

  4. Department of Journalism, Media and Communications, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Muntasir Murshed

  5. Department of Finance, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 173, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia

    Haider Mahmood

  6. Department of Accounting, Banking, and Finance, School of Business, Ghana Communication Technology University, Accra, Ghana

    Mohammed Musah

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AAA: wrote the original manuscript; performed the literature review. NA: drafted the original manuscript. MM1: conceptualized, wrote the original manuscript, performed the econometric analysis, designed the econometric methodology, wrote the policy recommendations, and revised the manuscript. HM: wrote the original manuscript. MM2: helped in analysis and discussions. AKMAR: conceptualized, contributed to the literature review, and edited the final manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Muntasir Murshed or A. K. M. Atiqur Rahman.

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Abro, A.A., Alam, N., Murshed, M. et al. Drivers of green growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: can financial development promote environmentally sustainable economic growth?. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 23764–23780 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23867-z

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