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Removal of cadmium in aqueous solutions using a ball milling–assisted one-pot pyrolyzed iron-biochar composite derived from cotton husk

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Abstract

A novel iron-biochar composite adsorbent was produced via ball milling–assisted one-pot pyrolyzed BM-nZVI-BC 800. Characterization proved that nano zero valent iron was successfully embedded in the newly produced biochar, and the nZVI payload was higher than that of traditional one-pot pyrolyzed methods. BM-nZVI-BC 800 provided a high adsorption performance of cadmium reaching 96.40 mg·g−1 during batch testing. Alkaline conditions were beneficial for cadmium removal of BM-nZVI-BC 800. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm fitted better, demonstrating that the Cd adsorption on the BM-nZVI-BC 800 was a chemical and surface process. The intraparticle diffusion controlled the adsorption of BM-nZVI-BC 800. The physisorption dominated by high specific surface area and mesoporous structure was the primary mechanism in the removal of cadmium, though electrostatic attraction and complexation also played a secondary role in cadmium adsorption. Compared to adsorbents prepared by more traditional methods, the efficiencies of the ball milling–assisted one-pot pyrolyzed method appears superior.

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Funding

The work was financially supported by the Fundamental Cutting-edge Projects of Research Institute (2022-jcqyrw-dyz) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42077355, 41807399).

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  1. Chen Chen and Fengxia Yang contributed equally to this study and should be considered co-first authors

Authors and Affiliations

  1. China-UK Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Joint Research Centre, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China

    Chen Chen, Fengxia Yang, Yuebing Sun & Yongzhen Ding

  2. The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK

    Luke Beesley & Zulin Zhang

  3. Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague, Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic

    Luke Beesley & Lukas Trakal

  4. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Yongfei Ma & Zulin Zhang

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  1. Chen Chen
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Contributions

Chen Chen and Fengxia Yang contributed equally to this study and should be considered co-first authors. All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Chen Chen, Fengxia Yang, Luke Beesley, Lukas Trakal, Yongfei Ma, Yuebing Sun, and Zulin Zhang. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Chen Chen and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Correspondence to Yongzhen Ding.

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Chen, C., Yang, F., Beesley, L. et al. Removal of cadmium in aqueous solutions using a ball milling–assisted one-pot pyrolyzed iron-biochar composite derived from cotton husk. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 12571–12583 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22828-w

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