Abstract
The discharge of organic dye pollutants in natural water bodies has put forward a big challenge of providing clean water to a large part of the population. As the population is increasing with time, only underground water is not sufficient to complete the water requirements of everyone everywhere. Purification of wastewater and its reuse is the only way to fulfill the water needs. Nanotechnology has been used very efficiently for wastewater treatment via photocatalytic degradation of dye molecules. In the past few years, a lot of investigations have been done to enhance the photocatalytic activity of metal oxide semiconductors for water purification. In this review, we have discussed the different methods of synthesis of various metal oxide semiconductor nanoparticles, energy band gap, their role as efficient photocatalysts, radiations used for photocatalytic reactions, and their degradation efficiency to degrade the dye pollutants. We have also discussed the nanocomposites of metal oxide with graphene. These nanocomposites have been utilized as the efficient photocatalyst due to unique characteristics of graphene such as extended range of light absorption, separation of charges, and high capacity of adsorption of the dye pollutants.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to express our special thanks and gratitude to the D S Kothari Centre for Research and Innovation in Science Education, Miranda House, University of Delhi, for granting us the permission to take part in the summer workshop and inspiration.
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Sapna Yadav would like to express her great appreciation to the CSIR, New Delhi, for JRF (CSIR, File No. 08/700/(0004)/2019-EMR-1).
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Conceptualization, Kalawati Saini; methodology, Sapna Yadav and Kriti Shakya; writing-original draft preparation, Sapna Yadav, Aarushi Gupta, Divya Singh, Anjana R Chandran, Anjali V A, Kanika Goyal, and Nutan Rani; writing-review and editing, Sapna Yadav; reference editing, Kalawati Saini; supervision and editing.
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Yadav, S., Shakya, K., Gupta, A. et al. A review on degradation of organic dyes by using metal oxide semiconductors. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 71912–71932 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20818-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20818-6