Abstract
Water is the most fundamental need for better yield in agriculture. Worldwide, diesel and electricity are typically used to pump water which contributes to atmospheric pollution. Besides, a power outage affects the irrigation process badly. Without water, the crop may wither away, causing a substantial economic loss. This paper discusses the resilience of a solar PV system during a power outage. HOMER Pro software was used to perform the techno-economic analysis of solar-based irrigation for four major divisions of Bangladesh, while 1-hour power outage was assigned in REopt lite to model the survivability of the system against the grid outage. The simulation outcomes showed that the energy cost is $0.1496/kWh, $0.1502/kWh, $0.1557/kWh, and $0.1576/kWh for Rajshahi, Sylhet, Dhaka, and Chattogram, respectively. About 45% of excess electricity can be stored after fulfilling all requirements. The system is more economical than a microgrid-based water pumping system and a diesel-based system, and the photovoltaic system is technically and economically suitable to pump water if the nearest grid connection is impossible. When connected to the main utility grid, the system can survive without grid power for several hours, subject to daytime outages.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Tamal Chowdhury, upon reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- BADC:
-
Bangladesh Agriculture Development Corporation
- BMDA:
-
Barind Multipurpose Development Authority
- COE:
-
cost of energy
- CRF:
-
capital recovery factor
- IDCOL:
-
Infrastructure Development Company Limited
- NPC:
-
net present cost
- NREL:
-
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- NOCT:
-
nominal operating cell temperature (°C)
- PDB:
-
Power Development Board
- RF:
-
renewable fraction
- REB:
-
Rural Electrification Board
- SIP:
-
solar irrigation pump
- SREDA:
-
Sustainable and Renewable Energy Development Authority
- C a ($/ year):
-
sum of every year capital, replacement and operational and maintenance cost of each component
- E demand :
-
total load demand
- E excess :
-
excess electricity (kWh.yr−1) generation from the renewable energy sources
- E production :
-
total electrical energy (kWh.yr−1) production from all the sources.
- E ren :
-
energy generated from renewable sources per year
- f :
-
annual inflation rate (%)
- f PV (%):
-
derating factor of PV
- H :
-
no. of hours during a year (8760)
- I T (kW/m2):
-
solar irradiation incident on the PV array
- I S (kW/m2):
-
incident solar irradiation at standard test conditions
- i :
-
annual real interest rate (%)
- i′:
-
nominal interest rate (%)
- L 0, dg :
-
fuel curve intercept coefficient
- L 1, dg :
-
fuel curve slope
- P dg :
-
electrical output of the generator
- PV:
-
photovoltaic
- N:
-
project lifetime
- T C (°C):
-
PV cell temperature
- T a (°C):
-
ambient temperature
- TS (°C):
-
PV cell temperature under standard test conditions (25°C)
- Y dg :
-
rated capacity of the generator
- Y PV (kW):
-
rated capacity of PV array
- η PV :
-
PV panel efficiency
- ɣ :
-
ground surface friction coefficient
- a,b :
-
constant
- α P :
-
temperature coefficient of power
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Simulation (HOMER Pro): Tamal Chowdhury, Hemal Chowdhury; simulation (REopt): Hasan Masrur. Writing and editing: Tamal, Hemal, Salman, and Hasan. Supervision: Tomonobu Senjyu.
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Chowdhury, H., Chowdhury, T., Rahman, M.S. et al. A simulation study of techno-economics and resilience of the solar PV irrigation system against grid outages. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 64846–64857 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20339-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20339-2