Abstract
The skyrocketing demand and progressive technology have increased our dependency on electrical and electronic devices. However, the life span of these devices has been shortened because of rapid scientific expansions. Hence, massive volumes of electronic waste (e-waste) is generating day by day. Nevertheless, the ongoing management of e-waste has emerged as a major threat to sustainable economic development worldwide. In general, e-waste contains several toxic substances such as metals, plastics, and refractory oxides. Metals, particularly lead, mercury, nickel, cadmium, and copper along with some valuable metals such as rare earth metals, platinum group elements, alkaline and radioactive metal are very common; which can be extracted before disposing of the e-waste for reuse. In addition, many of these metals are hazardous. Therefore, e-waste management is an essential issue. In this study, we critically have reviewed the existing extraction processes and compared among different processes such as physical, biological, supercritical fluid technologies, pyro and hydrometallurgical, and hybrid methods used for metals extraction from e-waste. The review indicates that although each method has particular merits but hybrid methods are eco-friendlier with extraction efficiency > 90%. This study also provides insight into the technical challenges to the practical realization of metals extraction from e-waste sources.
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Copyright Clearance Center @2019
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Shovra Chandra Chakraborty; Md Wahad Uz Zaman; Mozammel Hoque; and Md. Qamruzzaman equally contributed to write the main draft with the help of other co-authors. Jahid Uz Zaman; Delowar. Hossain; Biplob Kumar Pramanik; Luong Ngoc Nguyen; Long Duc Nghiem; Md. Mofijur; Md. Ibrahim Hossain Mondal; Jeni Aprazita Sithi; and Sha Md Shahan Shahriar have tabulated data, drawn figures; revised and guided to write the article. Md Abu Hasan Johir and Mohammad Boshir Ahmed were developed the concept; supervised and revised the manuscript.
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Chakraborty, S.C., Zaman, M.W.U., Hoque, M. et al. Metals extraction processes from electronic waste: constraints and opportunities. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 32651–32669 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19322-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19322-8