Abstract
For successive economic growth of any society, sustainable energy plays a pivotal role. Considering this view, developing countries are facing serious challenges of energy at the present time. However, policymakers have outlined numerous policies to satisfy energy demand but still remain incapable to fill the gap between demand and supply. At a halt, 11% of the world population lacks access to different formulae of energy supply and access. Additionally, in different time periods, distinct policies have erupted for the progress of renewable energy. It includes especially those households of the far-flung areas having no gas and electricity availability. However, the basis of this research study is to determine the significant renewable energy source for Pakistan’s economy with the economic benefits such as job creation in energy sector. This research study aims in finding ways to secure energy supplies and achieving economic benefits. The research study concludes by engaging renewable energy technologies with the least operational and externality cost that is the utmost choice in the future. In policy perspective, Pakistani government should take actions in favor of renewable energy and technological innovation that necessitates biomass resources to be tied to non-sustainable prolonged investments.
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Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- CO2 :
-
Carbon dioxide
- PM:
-
Particulate matter
- ICE:
-
Internal combustion engines
- RE:
-
Renewable energy
- GHG:
-
Greenhouse gas emissions
- MCDA:
-
Multi-criteria decision analysis
- GDP:
-
Gross domestic product
- we:
-
Wind energy
- SE:
-
Solar energy
- BE:
-
Biomass energy
- SHE:
-
Small hydro energy
- GE:
-
Geothermal energy
- MSWE:
-
Municipal solid wastages energy
- TFEC:
-
Total final energy consumption
- EVs:
-
Electric vehicles
- ACI:
-
Aerospace Center Institute
- ESMAP:
-
Energy Sector Management Assistance Program
- NREL:
-
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- PMD:
-
Pakistan Meteorological Department
- RES:
-
Renewable energy sources
- AEDB:
-
Alternative energy development board
- NASA:
-
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- ADB:
-
Asian Development Bank
- OGRA:
-
Oil and Gas Regulation Authority
- LPG:
-
Liquid petroleum gas
- GOP:
-
Government of Pakistan
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Acknowledgements
The author is indebted to co-authors as well as the Home gardening, Urban jungle and Birds rehabilitation (HUB) Initiative team members for valuable suggestions and providing the author with important notes relevant to the subjects. Global energy transformation, a road map to 2050, especially the portion relevant to climate change expressed in this paper, is entirely endeavored of the HUB Initiative team.
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Umar Suffian Ahmad, conceptualization, introduction, methodology, and writing—original draft preparation. Muhammad Usman, conceptualization, supervision, validation, visualization, interpretation, formal analysis, project administration, revised draft, writing—original draft preparation, and review and editing. Saddam Hussain, formal analysis, conclusion, and review and editing. Atif Jahanger, interpretation, validation, visualization, and interpreted results. Maira Abrar, finalizes the manuscript and review and editing.
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Ahmad, U.S., Usman, M., Hussain, S. et al. Determinants of renewable energy sources in Pakistan: An overview. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 29183–29201 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18502-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18502-w