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Enhanced cadmium removal by growing Bacillus cereus RC-1 immobilized on different magnetic biochars through simultaneous adsorption and bioaccumulation

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Abstract

Biosorption of cadmium by growing bacteria immobilized on the three magnetic biochars derived from rice straw (MRSB-pellet), sewage sludge (MSSB-pellet), and chicken manure (MCMB-pellet) was investigated, respectively. Total biosorption capacity of the pellets was tested under varying range of pH, culture time, and initial Cd2+ concentration. The maximum biosorption capacity of 93.02 mg/g was obtained with MRSB-pellet, followed by MSSB-pellet (68.02 mg/g) and MCMB-pellet (63.95 mg/g). The biosorption by these immobilized bacterial pellets was more effective than free bacteria; this enhancement could be the result of simultaneous adsorption and bioaccumulation, mainly resulting from magnetic biochar carrier and active bacteria, respectively. The biosorption process by immobilized pellets was primarily driven by ion exchange and complexation, which jointly contributed 73.56% (MRSB-pellet) to 78.62% (MSSB-pellet) of the total adsorption, while the mechanisms of chemical precipitation and physical adsorption could averagely contribute 6.91% (MSSB-pellet) and 11.24% (MRSB-pellet), respectively. Intracellular accumulation was comparably tiny among these mechanisms accounting for 4.30–5.92% of total biosorption; in turn, it would keep intracellular Cd2+ concentration below a toxic threshold to maintain cell activity. These suggested that magnetic biochar immobilized bacteria, particularly MRSB-pellet, could be used as an effective biosorbent to remove the Cd2+ from the growth medium. This study further deepened our understanding of biosorption process by microorganism immobilized onto magnetic biochar for the metal removal.

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Funding

This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42007323), the Shenzhen Science & Technology Project (SZIITWDZC2021A01), the Basic and Applied Research Program of Guangdong Province (2019A1515012187), and the High-level Professionals and Innovative Teams (No. SZIIT2019KJ024; No. SZIIT2019KJ007).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Occupational Hazard Assessment, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Shenzhen, 518020, People’s Republic of China

    Min Deng

  2. College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China

    Kai Li, Yu-Jian Yan & Fei Huang

  3. Department of Transportation and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, 518172, People’s Republic of China

    Dan Peng

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  1. Min Deng
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  2. Kai Li
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Contributions

Dan Peng conceived and designed the ideas to develop in the article. Min Deng analyzed data and wrote the manuscript with the help of Kai Li providing the experimental sets. Yu-Jian Yan and Fei Huang conducted the SEM–EDS, FTIR, and XRD tests for the biochars studied in this study. All authors contributed to the final version of this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Dan Peng.

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Deng, M., Li, K., Yan, YJ. et al. Enhanced cadmium removal by growing Bacillus cereus RC-1 immobilized on different magnetic biochars through simultaneous adsorption and bioaccumulation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 18495–18507 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17125-x

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