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Spatio-temporal evolution of post-seismic landslides and debris flows: 2017 Ms 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake

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Abstract

Spatio-temporal evolution of post-seismic landslides and debris flows provides a new perspective to understand post-earthquake evolution of geological environments and landscapes, and to instruct cascaded catastrophic hazard mitigation and post-disaster reconstruction. However, limited earthquake events have been investigated for post-earthquake geohazard evolution. This work reports the geohazard evolution after the 2017 Ms 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake considering the effects of the earthquake, geology, terrain, meteorology, hydrology, and human engineering activity. Some new viewpoints are suggested. (1) Landslide and debris flow activity intensified in the first year following the earthquake under the effects of the antecedent earthquake, precipitation, fault tectonics, human engineering activity, and fluvial networks. (2) Landslide and debris flow activity declined rapidly in the second year as a result of dramatically reduced sediments, declined rainfall, and self-healed slopes. (3) The significant decay of landslide and debris flow activity and the prominent reduction of loose deposits indicate that the geological environment was gradually restoring. (4) Although the hazard effect mitigation and geological environment restoration were ongoing (in the absence of rainstorm events) to attain a new balance, the geoenvironment has not returned to the pre-earthquake level because of widespread unrecovered geohazards and the remaining loose deposits on hillslopes or in channels. (5) The geological environment after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake may re-equilibrate and return to the pre-earthquake level more quickly than after the Kashmir, Chi-Chi, Gorkha, Wenchuan, and Murchison earthquakes. This work provides new knowledge pertaining to geohazard evolution after a strong earthquake and to profound impacts of a catastrophic earthquake on geological environment and landscape.

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Acknowledgements

We are much grateful for the valuable comments of Professor Philippe Garrigues and the two anonymous reviewers. These comments have improved the manuscript a lot.

Availability of data and materials

All data are available within this article and its supplementary material. The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Funding

This work is funded by the Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education (Grant No. GLAB2020ZR02), State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology (Grant No. GBL12107), China University of Geosciences, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

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  1. Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory, Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Xianmin Wang & Hang Mao

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Xianmin Wang: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. Hang Mao: formal analysis, investigation, writing—review and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Wang, X., Mao, H. Spatio-temporal evolution of post-seismic landslides and debris flows: 2017 Ms 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 15681–15702 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16789-9

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