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Bioremediation perspectives and progress in petroleum pollution in the marine environment: a review

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Abstract

The marine environment is often affected by petroleum hydrocarbon pollution due to industrial activities and petroleum accidents. This pollution has recalcitrant and persistent compounds that pose a high risk to the ecological system and human health. For this reason, the world claims to seek to clean up these pollutants. Bioremediation is an attractive approach for removing petroleum pollution. It is considered a low-cost and highly effective approach with fewer side effects compared to chemical and physical techniques. This depends on the metabolic capability of microorganisms involved in the degradation of hydrocarbons through enzymatic reactions. Bioremediation activities mostly depend on environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, salinity, pressure, and nutrition availability. Understanding the effects of environmental conditions on microbial hydrocarbon degraders and microbial interactions with hydrocarbon compounds could be assessed for the successful degradation of petroleum pollution. The current review provides a critical view of petroleum pollution in seawater, the bioavailability of petroleum compounds, the contribution of microorganisms in petroleum degradation, and the mechanisms of degradation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. We consider different biodegradation approaches such as biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and phytoremediation.

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Availability of data and materials

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the Saudi digital library repository (https://sdl.edu.sa/SDLPortal/ar/Publishers.aspx).

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Acknowledgements

We are gratefully acknowledge the Basic Science Research Unite, Deanship of Scientific Research, Majmaah University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Project No R-2021-171, signed dated 17/12/1442) for research funding assistance.

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  1. Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah-11952, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Daher Hazaimeh & Enas S. Ahmed

  2. Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

    Enas S. Ahmed

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  1. Mohammad Daher Hazaimeh
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Conceptualization: Mohammad Hazaimeh, Enas S. Ahmed. Writing—review and editing: Mohammad Hazaimeh, Enas S. Ahmed, Khalid O. Taha, and Edit age, a brand of Cactus Communications.

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Correspondence to Mohammad Daher Hazaimeh.

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Hazaimeh, .D., Ahmed, E.S. Bioremediation perspectives and progress in petroleum pollution in the marine environment: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 54238–54259 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15598-4

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