Abstract
Waste produced in homes is one of the main sources of pollutants in freshwater ecosystems. Therefore, it is imperative to implement methodologies that aid in environmental monitoring procedures. The use of organisms as biomonitors has grown increasingly prevalent as they are models that provide data that can be adequately evaluated. In this work, we investigated the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects caused by domestic sewage sludge through an analysis of biomarkers in the mollusk Biomphalaria glabrata. For the tests, increasing concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 500 mg L−1 of domestic sewage sludge were standardized, in addition to control groups. Assays were performed after the mollusks were exposed to the domestic sewage sludge in acute (48 h) and chronic (15 d) manner. Toxicity tests were performed with embryonic and adult snails. The cytoplasmic and nuclear changes were analyzed in the hemocyte cells. Lastly, genotoxic damage was analyzed using the comet assay. Adult snails and embryos of B. glabrata showed no significant morphological changes. Domestic sludge caused deleterious effects on mollusks as confirmed after cell genotoxicity tests. Therefore, based on the results obtained from the analysis of B. glabrata hemocytes, we can affirm that domestic sewage sludge causes genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on mollusk cells. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the mollusk Biomphalaria glabrata can be used as a good low-cost alternative to assist in the biomonitoring of freshwater environments.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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The present study was supported by the following Brazilian agencies: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), and Fundação de Amparo a Ciência e a Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE). H.D.A. Araújo thanks FACEPE for the Researcher Fixation Scholarship (BFP-0080-2.08/20).
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Designed the study protocol: Williams Nascimento de Siqueira, Ana Melo, and Elvis Joacir de França. Performance and analysis of the toxicity test in adults and embryos mollusks: Williams Nascimento de Siqueira and José Luís Ferreira Sá. Performance and analysis of slides of the cytotoxicity assay in hemocytes of Biomphalaria glabrata: Williams Nascimento de Siqueira, Maíra Lima, and Hallyson D.A. Araújo. Performance and analysis of slides of the comet assay: Williams Nascimento de Siqueira, Dewson Rocha Pereira, and Hianna Arely Milca Fagundes Silva. Performance of the statistical analysis: Williams Nascimento de Siqueira and Elvis Joacir de França. Manuscript preparation: Williams Nascimento de Siqueira, Maíra Lima, Hianna Arely Milca Fagundes Silva, Dewson Rocha Pereira, José Luís Ferreira Sá, and Hallyson D.A. Araújo. Manuscript review: Ana Melo and Elvis Joacir de França. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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de Siqueira, .N., de França, E.J., Pereira, D.R. et al. Toxicity and genotoxicity of domestic sewage sludge in the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 69343–69353 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15529-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15529-3