Abstract
Phytomanagement uses plants and soil conditioners to create value on contaminated land while minimizing environmental risk. This work was carried out on a metal(loid)-contaminated site and aimed at assessing the suitability of Salvia sclarea L. (sage) and Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) combined with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) inoculant to immobilize metal(loid)s and produce essential oils (EO). The effect of the inoculant on the transfer of metal(loid)s (ML, i.e., Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Ni, and Sb) to plants and the ML soil mobility were investigated. The ML concentrations in EO from both plant species and the valorization options for the distillation residues (soil conditioner, animal fodder, and anaerobic digestion) were studied. Sage was a suitable candidate for this value chain because it presents an excluder phenotype and the residues of oil extraction could be used as a soil conditioner. The metal concentrations in the sage EO were similar to those obtained from plants cultivated on an uncontaminated soil. These results indicate the suitability of sage harvested on the contaminated soil according to the ML fate in the whole value chain. Like the EO of sage, ML concentrations in the coriander EO did not differ from those in the commercial EO that were obtained from plants grown on uncontaminated soil. However, the use of distillation residues of coriander was limited by their relatively elevated Cd concentrations. The use of a mycorrhizal inoculum did not decrease the Cd mobility in soil for the coriander.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Fabrice Richez, Yohann Baillon, Samuel Teillaud, Robin Raveau, and Joël Fontaine for their technical contribution during the sampling campaigns and/or chemical analysis and fruitful discussions. Commercial EO of coriander and sage were kindly provided by Ferrand PHE. Ferrand PHE is also thanked for the production and for providing non-commercial EOs used in this work. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments, which greatly helped us to improve the manuscript.
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This work was supported by national public funds through PhyTEO (ADEME, Agence De la Transition Ecologique, convention n° 1772C0020, 2017-2020).
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This collaboration work was carried out among all the authors. AP designed outlines and wrote the draft, performed the statistical analyses, and prepared the figures and the tables of the manuscript. VB proposed original idea, wrote some part of the manuscript, and reviewed the scientific contents of the manuscript. IZ wrote some part of the manuscript and reviewed the manuscript. RG reviewed the manuscript. AP was responsible for the validation of the data quality obtained by ICP and wrote some part of the manuscript. BR reviewed the manuscript and improved the text quality. AL was responsible for the funding acquisition (PhyTEO), coordinated the project, and reviewed the manuscript.
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Perlein, A., Zdanevitch, I., Gaucher, R. et al. Phytomanagement of a metal(loid)-contaminated agricultural site using aromatic and medicinal plants to produce essential oils: analysis of the metal(loid) fate in the value chain.. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 62155–62173 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15045-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15045-4