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The global research trend on cadmium in freshwater: a bibliometric review

  • Circular Economy for Global Water Security
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Abstract

Cadmium pollution turns out to be a global environmental problem. This study conducted a quantitative and qualitative bibliometric analysis based on 9188 research items from the Web of Science Core Collection published in the last 20 years (2000–2020), presenting an in-depth statistical investigation of global freshwater cadmium research progress and developing trend. Our results demonstrated that the researchers from China, the USA, and India contribute the most to this field. The primary sources of cadmium are mining, industry, wastewater, sedimentation, and agricultural activities. In developing countries, cadmium exposure occurs mainly through the air, freshwater, and food. Fish and vegetables are the main food sources of cadmium for humans because of their high accumulation capability. Source evaluation, detection, and remediation represent the main technologies used to clean up cadmium-contaminated sites. To mitigate the risk of cadmium contamination in freshwater, biomarker-based cadmium monitoring methods and integrated policies/strategies to reduce cadmium exposure merit further concern.

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Funding

This work was partially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFC1407800) and the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City (Grant No. 19YFZCSN01130).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, People’s Republic of China

    Muhammad Irfan, Xianhua Liu, Suraya Mushtaq & Jonnathan Cabrera

  2. Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Khalid Hussain

  3. College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, People’s Republic of China

    Pingping Zhang

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  1. Muhammad Irfan
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  2. Xianhua Liu
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  3. Khalid Hussain
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  4. Suraya Mushtaq
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  5. Jonnathan Cabrera
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Contributions

Investigation, data curation, writing—original draft: Muhammad Irfan; conceptualization, supervision, writing—review and editing: Xianhua Liu; methodology and investigation: Khalid Hussain; formal analysis and investigation: Suraya Mushtaq; formal analysis and investigation: Jonnathan Cabrera; conceptualization, writing—review and editing: Pingping Zhang.

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Correspondence to Xianhua Liu.

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Irfan, M., Liu, X., Hussain, K. et al. The global research trend on cadmium in freshwater: a bibliometric review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 71585–71598 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13894-7

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