Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of banana straw (BS) hydrolysate as carbon source and reutilizing the pretreated liquor (PL) of BS in the Rhodosporidium toruloides fermentation was explored for the first time. When BS hydrolysate was used as the carbon source, total biomass concentration, lipid concentration, and lipid content under optimal conditions reached 15.52 g/L, 5.83 g/L, and 37.56% (w/w), respectively, which was similar to the results of pure sugar control. After detoxification, 50% PL can be returned to enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, and total biomass concentration, lipid concentration, and lipid content can reach 15.14 g/L, 5.59 g/L, and 36.91% (w/w). Then, ethanol stillage (ES) was used as the nitrogen source. The NaCl and glycerol of ES could promote lipid accumulation, reaching 7.52 g/L under optimized conditions. Finally, microbial lipid production from BS hydrolysate and ES without any additional nutrients was investigated, and the maximum total biomass concentration, lipid concentration, and lipid content were 13.55 g/L, 4.88 g/L, and 36.01% (w/w), respectively. Besides, the main compositions of microbial lipid produced were C16 and C18, and the biodiesel production from the microbial lipid could meet Chinese and US standard through theoretical numerical calculation.
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Data Availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
Abbreviations
- Banana straw:
-
(BS)
- Pretreated liquor:
-
(PL)
- Ethanol stillage:
-
(ES)
- Yeast extract-peptone-dextrose:
-
(YPD)
- Total nitrogen:
-
(TN)
- Total chemical oxygen demand:
-
(TCOD)
- Soluble chemical oxygen demand:
-
(SCOD)
- Formazin Nephelometric Units:
-
(FNU)
- Tricarboxylic acid cycle:
-
(TCA cycle)
- Cold filter plugging point:
-
(CFPP)
- Saturated fatty acid:
-
(SFA)
- Unsaturated fatty acid:
-
(UFA)
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Funding
This work was supported by the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program (Guike AB18126087), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant NO. 8182035), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant NO. 51708024), and the National Environmental and Energy Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. XM analyzed the experimental data and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. MZ conducted the research, specifically preforming the experiments. ZG synthesized study data by statistical and mathematical techniques. MG was an important reviewer in editing the manuscript and got financial support for the research. CW was also an important reviewer in editing the manuscript. QW was responsible for the research activity planning and execution. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Ma, X., Zhang, M., Gao, Z. et al. Microbial lipid production from banana straw hydrolysate and ethanol stillage. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 29357–29368 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12644-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12644-z