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Electrochemical oxidation of triclosan using Ti/TiO2 NTs/Al–PbO2 electrode: reaction mechanism and toxicity evaluation

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Abstract

5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol (triclosan, TCS) is a potential threat to the environment and human health, and it needs appropriate approaches for its removal. A new modified PbO2 electrode, Al–PbO2 based on TiO2 nanotubes (NTs), was successfully prepared for TCS electrochemical oxidation. Scanning electron microscopy indicated a compact coating layer on the anode. TCS removal on Ti/TiO2 NTs/Al–PbO2 anode followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics. The electrical efficiency per log order (EE/O) for oxidation was decreased from 14.79 to 12.90 kWh m−3 order−1 after TiO2 NTs on Ti material and decreased to 8.27 kWh m−3 order−1 after Al3+ doping. The effects of current density, pH value, and electrolyte concentration were investigated. Intermediate organo-chlorinated compounds were detected by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, and ion chromatography. Finally, ecotoxicity assessment revealed that the degradation of TCS by electrooxidation system with Ti/TiO2 NTs/Al–PbO2 anode could yield a smaller toxicity compared with parent compounds.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. LGF20E020002), “Talent Cultivation Project” (No.2018YCGC011) of Zhejiang Science and Technology Association, and Basic Scientific Research Special Funds (2020XZ012) of Zhejiang Shuren University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310005, China

    Yu Mei, Jun Chen, Hua Pan, Feilin Hao & Jiachao Yao

Authors
  1. Yu Mei
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  2. Jun Chen
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  3. Hua Pan
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  4. Feilin Hao
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  5. Jiachao Yao
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Contributions

Yu M. wrote and revised the paper; Jun C. and Jia ChaoY. designed the research; Hua P. and Fei Lin H. provided advice on the research.

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Correspondence to Jiachao Yao.

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Responsible Editor: Weiming Zhang

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Mei, Y., Chen, J., Pan, H. et al. Electrochemical oxidation of triclosan using Ti/TiO2 NTs/Al–PbO2 electrode: reaction mechanism and toxicity evaluation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 26479–26487 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12486-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12486-9

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